Association Between Patient Factors and the Effectiveness of Wearable Trackers at Increasing the Number of Steps per Day Among Adults With Cardiometabolic Conditions: Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data From Randomized Controlled Trials

Alexander Hodkinson   ^{1, 2} , BSc, MSc, PhD ;   Evangelos Kontopantelis   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Salwa S Zghebi   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Christos Grigoroglou   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Brian McMillan   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Harm van Marwijk   ⁴ , MD ;   Peter Bower   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Dialechti Tsimpida   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Charles F Emery   ⁵ , PhD ;   Mark R Burge   ⁶ , MD ;   Hunter Esmiol   ⁶ , PhD ;   Margaret E Cupples   ⁷ , MD ;   Mark A Tully   ⁸ , PhD ;   Kaberi Dasgupta   ^{9, 10} , MD ;   Stella S Daskalopoulou   ^{9, 11} , MD ;   Alexandra B Cooke   ⁹ , PhD ;   Ayorinde F Fayehun   ¹² , PhD ;   Julie Houle   ¹³ , MD ;   Paul Poirier   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Thomas Yates   ¹⁵ , MD ;   Joseph Henson   ¹⁵ , MD ;   Derek R Anderson   ⁵ , MD ;   Elisabeth B Grey   ¹⁶ , PhD ;   Maria Panagioti   ^{1, 2} , PhD

¹ Division of Population Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

² Health Services Research and Primary Care, National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Manchester, United Kingdom

³ Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

⁴ Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom

⁵ Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, OH, United States

⁶ Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States

⁷ Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Centre for Public Heath, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

⁸ School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry, United Kingdom

⁹ Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

¹⁰ Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada

¹¹ Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada

¹² Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

¹³ Department of Nursing, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada

¹⁴ Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Laval, QC, Canada

¹⁵ Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

¹⁶ Centre for Motivation and Health Behaviour Change, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom