Racial and Ethnic Differences in Outcomes of a 12-Week Digital Rehabilitation Program for Musculoskeletal Pain: Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

Justin Scheer   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Fabíola Costa   ^{2 *} , PhD ;   Maria Molinos   ² , PhD ;   Anabela Areias   ² , PhD ;   Dora Janela   ² , PT ;   Robert G Moulder   ³ , PhD ;   Jorge Lains   ^{4, 5} , MD ;   Virgílio Bento   ² , PhD ;   Vijay Yanamadala   ^{2, 6, 7} , MBA, MD ;   Steven P Cohen   ^{8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} , MD, PhD ;   Fernando Dias Correia   ^{2, 14} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

² Sword Health, Inc, Draper, UT, United States

³ Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States

⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal

⁵ Rovisco Pais Medical and Rehabilitation Centre, Tocha, Portugal

⁶ Department of Surgery, Frank H Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, United States

⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Hartford Healthcare Medical Group, Westport, CT, United States

⁸ Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States

⁹ Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States

¹⁰ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States

¹¹ Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States

¹² Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States

¹³ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States

¹⁴ Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal

*these authors contributed equally