Effectiveness of Digital Counseling Environments on Anxiety, Depression, and Adherence to Treatment Among Patients Who Are Chronically Ill: Systematic Review

Karoliina Paalimäki-Paakki   ^{1, 2} , MSci ;   Mari Virtanen   ³ , PhD ;   Anja Henner   ² , PhD ;   Miika T Nieminen   ^{4, 5, 6} , PhD ;   Maria Kääriäinen   ^{1, 4, 7} , PhD

¹ Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

² Degree Programme of Radiography and Radiation Therapy, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland

³ School of Rehabilitation and Examination, Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland

⁴ Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

⁵ Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

⁶ Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

⁷ Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland