The Impact of Digital Patient Portals on Health Outcomes, System Efficiency, and Patient Attitudes: Updated Systematic Literature Review

Elettra Carini   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Leonardo Villani   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Angelo Maria Pezzullo   ¹ , MD, MSc ;   Andrea Gentili   ¹ , MD ;   Andrea Barbara   ^{2, 3} , MD ;   Walter Ricciardi   ¹ , MD, MPH ;   Stefania Boccia   ^{1, 4} , MSc, PhD

¹ Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

² Hygiene and Public Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy

³ Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

⁴ Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences - Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

*these authors contributed equally