Implementation of Telemental Health Services Before COVID-19: Rapid Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews

Phoebe Barnett   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Lucy Goulding   ³ , PhD ;   Cecilia Casetta   ⁴ , MD ;   Harriet Jordan   ^{4, 5} , MSc ;   Luke Sheridan-Rains   ² , PhD ;   Thomas Steare   ² , MSc ;   Julie Williams   ⁶ , PhD ;   Lisa Wood   ⁷ , PhD ;   Fiona Gaughran   ^{4, 5 *} , MD ;   Sonia Johnson   ^{2, 8 *} , DM

¹ Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom

² NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom

³ King's Improvement Science, Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

⁴ NIHR Applied Research Collaboration, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

⁵ Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

⁶ Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

⁷ Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom

⁸ Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

*these authors contributed equally