Published on in Vol 23, No 11 (2021): November
1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
2 BIOMERIS (BIOMedical Research Informatics Solutions), Pavia, Italy
3 Clinical Research Unit, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
4 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
5 Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
6 Information Technology Department, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
7 Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
8 Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
9 Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
10 Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
11 Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
12 Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
13 Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
14 Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
15 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
16 Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
17 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
18 Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
19 Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
20 Department of Computer Science, Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
21 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
22 Department of Anaesthesia, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
23 Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
24 Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research Informatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
25 Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
26 Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
27 Informatique et archivistique médicales unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
28 Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
29 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
30 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malade, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
31 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Digital Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
32 Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
33 Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
34 Division of Medical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
35 Data Analytics Center, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
36 Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
37 Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
38 Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children's Hospital, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
*these authors contributed equally