Information Loss in Harmonizing Granular Race and Ethnicity Data: Descriptive Study of Standards

Karen Wang   ^{1, 2} , MD, MS ;   Holly Grossetta Nardini   ³ , MLS ;   Lori Post   ⁴ , PhD ;   Todd Edwards   ⁵ , MS, PhD ;   Marcella Nunez-Smith   ¹ , MD, MHS ;   Cynthia Brandt   ^{2, 6} , MD, MPH

¹ Equity Research and Innovation Center, General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States

² Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States

³ Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States

⁴ Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States

⁵ Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States

⁶ Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States