Electronic Data Capture Versus Conventional Data Collection Methods in Clinical Pain Studies: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lindsay A Jibb   ^{1, 2} , RN, PhD ;   James S Khan   ^{3, 4} , MD, MSc ;   Puneet Seth   ⁵ , MD ;   Chitra Lalloo   ^{1, 6} , PhD ;   Lauren Mulrooney   ⁷ , BScN ;   Kathryn Nicholson   ⁸ , PhD ;   Dominik A Nowak   ^{5, 6, 9} , MD ;   Harneel Kaur   ¹⁰ , BHSc ;   Alyssandra Chee-A-Tow   ¹ , BSc, MPH ;   Joel Foster   ¹¹ , RN, MPA ;   Jennifer N Stinson   ^{1, 2, 6} , RN-EC, PhD

¹ Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

² Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

³ Department of Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁴ Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁵ Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

⁶ Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁷ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada

⁹ Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

¹⁰ Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

¹¹ Office of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada