Improving Self-Care in Patients With Coexisting Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension by Technological Surrogate Nursing: Randomized Controlled Trial

Calvin Kalun Or   ¹ , PhD ;   Kaifeng Liu   ¹ , PhD ;   Mike K P So   ² , PhD ;   Bernard Cheung   ³ , MB BChir, PhD ;   Loretta Y C Yam   ^{4, 5} , MBBS ;   Agnes Tiwari   ⁶ , RN, PhD ;   Yuen Fun Emmy Lau   ⁴ , MBChB ;   Tracy Lau   ⁴ , RN ;   Pui Sze Grace Hui   ⁷ , MBBS ;   Hop Chun Cheng   ⁷ , RN ;   Joseph Tan   ⁸ , PhD ;   Michael Tow Cheung   ^{1, 5} , PhD

¹ Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

² Department of Information Systems, Business Statistics, and Operations Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

³ Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

⁴ Ambulatory Diabetes Centre, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

⁵ Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

⁶ School of Nursing, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

⁷ Diabetes Mellitus Centre, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

⁸ DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada