Impact of Patient-Clinical Team Secure Messaging on Communication Patterns and Patient Experience: Randomized Encouragement Design Trial

Stephanie L Shimada   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Mark S Zocchi   ^{1, 4} , MPH ;   Timothy P Hogan   ^{1, 5} , PhD ;   Stefan G Kertesz   ^{6, 7} , MD, MSc ;   Armando J Rotondi   ^{8, 9, 10} , PhD ;   Jorie M Butler   ^{11, 12} , PhD ;   Sara J Knight   ^{11, 12} , PhD ;   Kathryn DeLaughter   ¹ , MA ;   Felicia Kleinberg   ¹ , MSW ;   Jeff Nicklas   ^{1, 13} , MSc ;   Kim M Nazi   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Thomas K Houston   ¹⁵ , MD, MPH

¹ Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Bedford Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, MA, United States

² Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States

³ Division of Health Informatics and Implementation Science, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States

⁴ Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States

⁵ Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States

⁶ Birmingham VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, AL, United States

⁷ Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States

⁸ Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion (CHERP), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, PA, United States

⁹ Center for Behavioral Health, Media and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States

¹⁰ Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, PA, United States

¹¹ Innovation, Decision Enhancement & Analytic Sciences (IDEAS) Center, George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States

¹² Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake, UT, United States

¹³ Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States

¹⁴ KMN Consulting Services, LTD, Coxsackie, NY, United States

¹⁵ Section on General Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States