Implementation Strategies to Enhance the Implementation of eHealth Programs for Patients With Chronic Illnesses: Realist Systematic Review

Cecilie Varsi   ¹ , PhD ;   Lise Solberg Nes   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Olöf Birna Kristjansdottir   ^{1, 4} , PhD ;   Saskia M Kelders   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Una Stenberg   ⁴ , PhD ;   Heidi Andersen Zangi   ^{7, 8} , PhD ;   Elin Børøsund   ¹ , PhD ;   Karen Elizabeth Weiss   ⁹ , PhD ;   Audun Stubhaug   ^{2, 10, 11} , PhD ;   Rikke Aune Asbjørnsen   ^{1, 5, 12} , MSc ;   Marianne Westeng   ¹ , MSc ;   Marte Ødegaard   ¹³ , MSc ;   Hilde Eide   ^{1, 14} , PhD

¹ Department of Digital Health Research, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

² Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States

⁴ Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Learning and Mastery in Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

⁵ Center for eHealth and Wellbeing research, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands

⁶ Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa

⁷ National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway

⁸ Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway

⁹ Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

¹⁰ Regional Advisory Unit on Pain, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

¹¹ Department of Pain Management and Research, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

¹² Department of Research and Innovation, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway

¹³ University of Oslo Library, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

¹⁴ Science Centre Health and Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway