A Real-Time Early Warning System for Monitoring Inpatient Mortality Risk: Prospective Study Using Electronic Medical Record Data

Chengyin Ye   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Oliver Wang   ^{2 *} , BA ;   Modi Liu   ² , BS ;   Le Zheng   ^{3, 4} , PhD ;   Minjie Xia   ² , BS ;   Shiying Hao   ^{3, 4} , PhD ;   Bo Jin   ² , MS ;   Hua Jin   ² , MS ;   Chunqing Zhu   ² , MS ;   Chao Jung Huang   ⁵ , PhD ;   Peng Gao   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   Gray Ellrodt   ⁸ , MD ;   Denny Brennan   ⁹ , MEd, MBA ;   Frank Stearns   ² , MHA ;   Karl G Sylvester   ⁷ , MD ;   Eric Widen   ² , MHA ;   Doff B McElhinney   ^{3, 4} , MD ;   Xuefeng Ling   ^{4, 7} , PhD

¹ Department of Health Management, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China

² HBI Solutions Inc, Palo Alto, CA, United States

³ Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

⁴ Clinical and Translational Research Program, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, United States

⁵ National Taiwan University-Stanford Joint Program Office of AI in Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology Joint Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology and All Vista Healthcare, Taipei, Taiwan

⁶ Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China

⁷ Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

⁸ Department of Medicine, Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA, United States

⁹ Massachusetts Health Data Consortium, Waltham, CA, United States

*these authors contributed equally