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Viewpoints and Perspectives (514) mHealth for Wellness, Behavior Change and Prevention (2871) Smoking Cessation (556)

Published on in Vol 19, No 9 (2017): September

A Dermatologist's Ammunition in the War Against Smoking: A Photoaging App

A Dermatologist's Ammunition in the War Against Smoking: A Photoaging App

A Dermatologist's Ammunition in the War Against Smoking: A Photoaging App

Authors of this article:

Titus Josef Brinker1, 2, 3 Author Orcid Image ;   Alexander Enk1 Author Orcid Image ;   Martina Gatzka4 Author Orcid Image ;   Yasuhiro Nakamura5 Author Orcid Image ;   Wiebke Sondermann2, 3, 6 Author Orcid Image ;   Albert Joachim Omlor7 Author Orcid Image ;   Maximilian Philip Petri2, 3, 6 Author Orcid Image ;   Ante Karoglan8 Author Orcid Image ;   Werner Seeger9 Author Orcid Image ;   Joachim Klode2, 3, 6 Author Orcid Image ;   Christof von Kalle10, 11, 12 Author Orcid Image ;   Dirk Schadendorf2, 3, 6 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (9) Tweetations (12) Metrics

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    1Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    2Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

    3German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany

    4Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

    5Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan

    6West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

    7Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany

    8Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany

    9Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center; Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Gießen, Germany

    10National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    11Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Heidelberg, Germany

    12German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Division of Translational Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Corresponding Author:

    Titus Josef Brinker, MD

    Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)

    University of Heidelberg

    Im Neuenheimer Feld 440/460

    Heidelberg,

    Germany

    Phone: 49 151 7508 4347

    Email: titus.brinker@gmail.com



    Most smokers start smoking during their early adolescence, often with the idea that smoking is glamorous; the problems related to impaired wound healing, erectile dysfunction, and oral cancers are too far in the future to fathom. In contrast, for the majority of teenagers, attractiveness is the most important predictor of their own self-esteem [1].

    Interventions focusing on the negative dermatologic changes due to smoking have been effective in altering behavior, both in adolescence [2-4] and young adulthood [5,6]. Skin damage due to smoking that is culturally associated with a decrease in attractiveness (ie, wrinkles, early hair loss, declined capillary perfusion, pale or grayish skin [7-9]) predominantly affects the self-concept of young people with low education [1], who are at significantly greater risk for tobacco addiction [10-12] and benefit the most from abstinence [13]. After reviewing the evidence regarding facial changes due to smoking on PubMed, we designed Figure 1 in order to extrapolate the typical appearance of a smoker’s face as frequently seen and noted by dermatologists.

    ‎
    Figure 1. Normal aging versus effects of smoking a pack a day for 15 years.
    View this figure

    First steps have been taken to disseminate this dermatologic knowledge on irreversible aesthetic damage to the target groups and measure its effectiveness in randomized trials (ie, via the free photoaging app Smokerface, in which a selfie is altered to predict future appearance) in Germany [3,4,14,15] and Brazil [16] with a total of more than 150,000 downloads. In addition, photoaging desktop-based interventions in France [6], Switzerland [2], and Australia [5] showed promising results that justify definitive randomized trials. The relevance of skin-based appearance for individual behavior was also confirmed in the setting of skin cancer prevention [4,17-21].

    Dermatology as an interdisciplinary specialty needs to go beyond the substantial impact of smoking on skin disease [22,23] and leverage the impact of skin changes on a person’s self-concept [1] and behavior [5] in the design of effective interventions for the largest cause of preventable death and disease in the western world [24]. Future dermatologic research should focus on developing, evaluating, and optimizing new ways to implement the specialty’s superior ammunition in the war against smoking.

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    Edited by G Eysenbach; submitted 14.08.17; peer-reviewed by O Burford, T Langley; comments to author 30.08.17; revised version received 30.08.17; accepted 30.08.17; published 21.09.17

    Copyright

    ©Titus Josef Brinker, Alexander Enk, Martina Gatzka, Yasuhiro Nakamura, Wiebke Sondermann, Albert Joachim Omlor, Maximilian Philip Petri, Ante Karoglan, Werner Seeger, Joachim Klode, Christof von Kalle, Dirk Schadendorf. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 21.09.2017.

    This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.