Smartphone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as an Adjunct to Pharmacotherapy for Refractory Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial

Akio Mantani   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Tadashi Kato   ² , MD ;   Toshi A Furukawa   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Masaru Horikoshi   ⁴ , PhD ;   Hissei Imai   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Takahiro Hiroe   ⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Bun Chino   ⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Tadashi Funayama   ⁷ , MD, PhD ;   Naohiro Yonemoto   ⁸ , MPH ;   Qi Zhou   ⁹ , PhD ;   Nao Kawanishi   ¹⁰ , PhD

¹ Mantani Mental Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan

² Aratama Kokorono Clinic, Nagoya, Japan

³ Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

⁴ National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan

⁵ Waseda Clinic, Kani, Japan

⁶ Ginza Taimei Clinic, Tokyo, Japan

⁷ Funayama Mental Clinic, Nagoya, Japan

⁸ Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

⁹ Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

¹⁰ Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan