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Acceptability of Active and Passive Data Collection Methods for Mobile Health Research: Cross-Sectional Survey of an Online Adult Sample in the United States

Acceptability of Active and Passive Data Collection Methods for Mobile Health Research: Cross-Sectional Survey of an Online Adult Sample in the United States

Passive data collection methods refer to data captured automatically without participant effort (eg, sensors, metadata), whereas active methods require participant involvement (eg, completing surveys or assessments). Active data collection also requires input from the respondent in a manner that makes the goal of the research more apparent. On the other hand, passive assessment does not requiring respondent burden or input, but rather, relies on data that is collected continuously in the background.

Nelson Roque, John Felt

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e64082


Influence of Pre-Existing Pain on the Body’s Response to External Pain Stimuli: Experimental Study

Influence of Pre-Existing Pain on the Body’s Response to External Pain Stimuli: Experimental Study

Before attaching the sensors to the fingers, the skin was cleaned with wet wipes, and GEL101 A was applied to the electrodes to improve conductivity, enhance signal quality, and reduce impedance. EMG data were acquired using the BIOPAC EMG Smart Amplifier, with three electrodes attached to the participant’s nondominant forearm. The skin in the sensor placement area was prepared by cleaning it with wet wipes, followed by abrasion and application of ELPREP.

Burcu Ozek, Zhenyuan Lu, Srinivasan Radhakrishnan, Sagar Kamarthi

JMIR Biomed Eng 2025;10:e70938


Minimal Clinically Important Difference of Average Daily Steps Measured Through a Consumer Smartwatch in People With Mild-to-Moderate Parkinson Disease: Cross-Sectional Study

Minimal Clinically Important Difference of Average Daily Steps Measured Through a Consumer Smartwatch in People With Mild-to-Moderate Parkinson Disease: Cross-Sectional Study

Recently, the use of wearable inertial sensors for gait analysis has gained considerable traction [4-6]. Specifically, the daily step count serves as an indirect yet rather easily obtainable indicator of walking and physical activity [7].

Edoardo Bianchini, Marika Alborghetti, Silvia Galli, Clint Hansen, Alessandro Zampogna, Antonio Suppa, Marco Salvetti, Francesco Ernesto Pontieri, Domiziana Rinaldi, Nicolas Vuillerme

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e64213


Gait Disturbances in Older Adults With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Mixed Methods Study Using Smartphone Sensors and Video Analysis

Gait Disturbances in Older Adults With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Mixed Methods Study Using Smartphone Sensors and Video Analysis

Traditional gait analysis methods are limited to fixed laboratory measurement environments, often using complex instruments such as single-camera image processing [24] and walking leap sensors [25] to record human gait motion, but they struggle to reflect real-world gait conditions. Moreover, nonwearable system equipment and testing are too expensive, making it difficult for people to measure related data on their own [26].

Xiaojun Lai, Li-Yan Qiao, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau, Yankuan Liu

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e58864


Feasibility of Data Collection Via Consumer-Grade Wearable Devices in Adolescent Student Athletes: Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

Feasibility of Data Collection Via Consumer-Grade Wearable Devices in Adolescent Student Athletes: Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

The Fitbit Sense is equipped with a range of sensors, including a photoplethysmogram sensor, an optical heart rate sensor, an electrodermal activity sensor, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and an ambient light sensor. The photoplethysmogram sensor uses green and red light-emitting diodes along with a photodiode to measure blood volume changes in the microvasculature of the skin, allowing for the estimation of heart rate and blood oxygen saturation.

Danielle Ransom, Brant Tudor, Sarah Irani, Mohamed Rehman, Stacy Suskauer, P Patrick Mularoni, Luis Ahumada

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e54630


Recent Advancements in Wearable Hydration-Monitoring Technologies: Scoping Review of Sensors, Trends, and Future Directions

Recent Advancements in Wearable Hydration-Monitoring Technologies: Scoping Review of Sensors, Trends, and Future Directions

To organize the selected literature and facilitate a comprehensive analysis, a classification taxonomy was developed based on the types of sensors used for hydration monitoring in wearable technologies. This taxonomy categorized the papers into the following groups: electrical sensors, optical sensors, thermal sensors, microwave sensors, multimodal sensors, and commercial products (Figure 2).

Nazim A. Belabbaci, Raphael Anaadumba, Mohammad Arif Ul Alam

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e60569


Behavioral Markers in Older Adults During COVID-19 Confinement: Secondary Analysis of In-Home Sensor Data

Behavioral Markers in Older Adults During COVID-19 Confinement: Secondary Analysis of In-Home Sensor Data

A suite of in-home monitoring sensors, developed at the Center to Stream Healthcare In-Place, and commercially licensed by Foresite Healthcare, LLC [14,15], were installed within the study participants’ homes. Data were collected from 3 types of in-home sensors: a bed mat containing 4 hydraulic transducers that captured ballistocardiogram signals, a thermal depth sensor for capturing gait and detecting falls, and passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors [16-19].

Knoo Lee, Noah Marchal, Erin L Robinson, Kimberly R Powell

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e56678


Investigating Measurement Equivalence of Smartphone Sensor–Based Assessments: Remote, Digital, Bring-Your-Own-Device Study

Investigating Measurement Equivalence of Smartphone Sensor–Based Assessments: Remote, Digital, Bring-Your-Own-Device Study

Furthermore, the use of wearable or embedded sensors allows many different aspects of functional ability to be characterized and objectively quantified [12,13,17,18]. Thus, they provide more granular and more detailed information than captured with the single scores of traditional standard clinical assessments such as the Nine-Hole Peg Test, oral Symbol Digit Modalities Test, or the Timed 25-Foot Walk [19-21].

Lito Kriara, Frank Dondelinger, Luca Capezzuto, Corrado Bernasconi, Florian Lipsmeier, Adriano Galati, Michael Lindemann

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e63090


Validation of Ecological Momentary Assessment With Reference to Accelerometer Data: Repeated-Measures Panel Study With Multilevel Modeling

Validation of Ecological Momentary Assessment With Reference to Accelerometer Data: Repeated-Measures Panel Study With Multilevel Modeling

The recent development of digital and wearable technologies has made it possible to continuously track PA in real life through sensors embedded in digital devices. This expansion provides researchers with a broader range of choices, as both research-grade and consumer-grade wearables, with varying costs and capacities to measure health conditions, are now available in the market.

Jung Min Noh, SongHyun Im, JooYong Park, Jae Myung Kim, Miyoung Lee, Ji-Yeob Choi

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e59878


Toward Unsupervised Capacity Assessments for Gait in Neurorehabilitation: Validation Study

Toward Unsupervised Capacity Assessments for Gait in Neurorehabilitation: Validation Study

Moreover, combining the 10-MWT with wearable sensors, such as inertial measurement units, allows for the extraction of additional spatiotemporal gait parameters. These parameters are not only robust, but they enhance the interpretation of clinical assessment outcomes and aid in detecting motor recovery poststroke as well as predicting prognosis after stroke [24-26].

Aileen C Naef, Guichande Duarte, Saskia Neumann, Migjen Shala, Meret Branscheidt, Chris Easthope Awai

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e66123