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Magnitude and Impact of Hallucinations in Tabular Synthetic Health Data on Prognostic Machine Learning Models: Validation Study

Magnitude and Impact of Hallucinations in Tabular Synthetic Health Data on Prognostic Machine Learning Models: Validation Study

The downstream task was prognostic AI and ML modeling, and performance was measured by AUROC when LGBM and MLP models were trained on synthetic and tested on real data (ie, TSTR). In general, the median deviation of the AI and ML performance derived from the synthetic data (ie, TSTR) from the one derived from the real data (ie, train real test real) was low across all health care populations (Table 3).

Lisa Pilgram, Samer El Kababji, Dan Liu, Khaled El Emam

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e77893

Use of Wearable Sensors to Assess Fall Risk in Neurological Disorders: Systematic Review

Use of Wearable Sensors to Assess Fall Risk in Neurological Disorders: Systematic Review

These methods prepare the raw data for more effective AI analysis by enhancing data quality and extracting meaningful features. Arpan et al [44] used unscented Kalman filter techniques to integrate data from multiple sensors, facilitating a more accurate AI-based prediction of fall events [44]. Some of the included studies (3/19, 16%) explored the implementation of AI models that operate in real time to provide immediate insights or predictive analytics.

Mirjam Bonanno, Augusto Ielo, Paolo De Pasquale, Antonio Celesti, Alessandro Marco De Nunzio, Angelo Quartarone, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e67265

Exploring Young Adults' Experiences and Beliefs in Asthma Medication Management: Pilot Qualitative Study Comparing Human and Multiple AI Thematic Analysis

Exploring Young Adults' Experiences and Beliefs in Asthma Medication Management: Pilot Qualitative Study Comparing Human and Multiple AI Thematic Analysis

A final instruction was provided requesting Copilot AI to condense to 4 to 6 themes (Make it 4 to 6 themes). This instruction was not applicable to the other AI platforms, which already provided major themes alone. We assessed the overlap between the themes derived by humans and the AI platforms. The investigators repeated the AI-based analysis for each platform to verify findings.

Ruth Ndarake Jeminiwa, Caroline Popielaski, Amber King

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e69892

Quo Vadis, AI-Empowered Doctor?

Quo Vadis, AI-Empowered Doctor?

In the event of an adverse outcome, physicians also risk penalization by juries whether or not an AI recommendation is accepted or overruled [48,49]. A rigorous discussion of the legal ramifications of using AI in clinical decision-making is beyond the scope of this viewpoint, but in light of the above considerations, the most prudent use of medical AI may be to confirm an existing medical decision, rather than as a means to augment care [50].

Gary Takahashi, Laurentius von Liechti, Ebrahim Tarshizi

JMIR Med Educ 2025;11:e70079

AI and Primary Care: Scoping Review

AI and Primary Care: Scoping Review

AI also shows promise for skin lesion assessment in primary care: an AI morphology classifier reached 68% on top-1 accuracy across 44 conditions [29], and a handheld elastic-scattering spectroscopy device boosted skin-cancer diagnostic sensitivity from 67% to 88% [30].

Gellert Katonai, Nora Arvai, Bertalan Mesko

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e65950

How AI-Based Digital Rehabilitation Improves End-User Adherence: Rapid Review

How AI-Based Digital Rehabilitation Improves End-User Adherence: Rapid Review

Some of these technologies include AI-based digital and personalized rehabilitation mobile apps, AI-driven virtual reality and augmented reality rehabilitation, sensors, robotic devices, and AI-powered gamification and telerehabilitation [4,10]. Despite the key benefits of these technology-driven interventions—such as improved accessibility, affordability, and their availability from the convenience of homes—most of the AI-based rehabilitation applications are in the early stages of development [12,14-16].

Mahsa MohammadNamdar, Michael Lowery Wilson, Kari-Pekka Murtonen, Eeva Aartolahti, Michael Oduor, Katariina Korniloff

JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2025;12:e69763

Passive Sensing for Mental Health Monitoring Using Machine Learning With Wearables and Smartphones: Scoping Review

Passive Sensing for Mental Health Monitoring Using Machine Learning With Wearables and Smartphones: Scoping Review

First, given the rapid evolution of wearable artificial intelligence (AI) technology and our focus on modern methodologies, we restricted the search to articles published after 2015. Second, while changes in mental health states (eg, emotions, mood, and stress) may serve as potential indicators of disorders such as depression or anxiety [41], examining these factors in isolation fails to reflect clinical diagnoses of mental health conditions [42,43].

ShiYing Shen, Wenhao Qi, Jianwen Zeng, Sixie Li, Xin Liu, Xiaohong Zhu, Chaoqun Dong, Bin Wang, Yankai Shi, Jiani Yao, Bingsheng Wang, Xiajing Lou, Simin Gu, Pan Li, Jinghua Wang, Guowei Jiang, Shihua Cao

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e77066

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Emergency Medicine: Balancing Opportunities and Challenges

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Emergency Medicine: Balancing Opportunities and Challenges

Health care providers face liability concerns when AI-driven recommendations lead to misdiagnoses or suboptimal treatment. The unpredictable nature of AI systems is complex. As legal frameworks evolve, questions arise about responsibility when errors stem from “black-box” AI. Should providers be held accountable for following AI advice? Can liabilities extend to AI developers or institutions? Jurisdictions worldwide are addressing these issues [46,53].

Félix Amiot, Benoit Potier

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e70903

Economic Evaluations and Equity in the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Imaging Examinations for Medical Diagnosis in People With Dermatological, Neurological, and Pulmonary Diseases: Systematic Review

Economic Evaluations and Equity in the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Imaging Examinations for Medical Diagnosis in People With Dermatological, Neurological, and Pulmonary Diseases: Systematic Review

However, over the last several years, technological advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have offered promising solutions [2,3]. AI, an interdisciplinary field, aims to develop systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human reasoning [4]. Machine learning, a subfield of AI, creates algorithms capable of learning and improving from experience without explicit programming [5,6].

Giulia Osório Santana, Rodrigo de Macedo Couto, Rafael Maffei Loureiro, Brunna Carolinne Rocha Silva Furriel, Luis Gustavo Nascimento de Paula, Edna Terezinha Rother, Joselisa Péres Queiroz de Paiva, Lucas Reis Correia

Interact J Med Res 2025;14:e56240