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Skip search results from other journals and go to results- 11 JMIR Diabetes
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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing globally [1-3], driven predominantly by a rising number of individuals with prediabetes [2]. Globally, an estimated 860 million (8.4%) adults are living with prediabetes, a condition that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes [2], micro- and macrovascular complications, and mortality [4].
Prediabetes is not a singular entity but rather a heterogeneous group of metabolic defects that often precede type 2 diabetes [5-7].
JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e59842
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Small Steps for Big Changes is a community-based diabetes prevention program designed for individuals with prediabetes [10]. Small Steps for Big Changes is delivered in 6 sessions over 4 weeks using a client-centered counseling style known as motivational interviewing with follow-ups over 12 months. Clients work one-on-one with their coach to cover several topics including goal setting, healthy food choices, and exercise adherence.
JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e59386
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Prediabetes is a state of elevated blood glucose that conveys an increased risk for subsequently developing type 2 diabetes (T2 D) [1]. In the United States, approximately 97.6 million adults have prediabetes (38% of the entire population) [2]. Among adults with prediabetes, an estimated 29% will develop T2 D within 3 years, and 70% will develop T2 D within their lifetime without an effective strategy for primary prevention [3,4].
JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e66964
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As the largest Asian and Pacific Islander subgroup, Chinese immigrants bear high T2 D and prediabetes burdens, particularly in New York City (NYC), where almost 1 in every 2 Chinese adults has T2 D or prediabetes [8,9]. Additionally, 18% of Chinese adults in NYC who are aged 18 years and older live in poverty; this burden is particularly pronounced among those aged 65 years and older, where 30% live in poverty [10].
JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e65455
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Prediabetes (intermediate hyperglycemia), characterized by a glycemic level between normal glucose tolerance and diabetes, maintains a high risk of developing diabetes, with an annual conversion rate of 5%-10% [3]. Table 1 provides the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic standards defined for diabetes and prediabetes [4]. The American Diabetes Association also states that the glycated hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) level should be at or above 6.5% for diabetes and between 5.7% and 6.4% for prediabetes [5].
JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e56024
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Individuals with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, such as those with prediabetes, also face an elevated risk of experiencing CVD events [4], with higher incidence rates than the general population [5,6]. Consequently, it is imperative to implement interventions for the primary prevention of CVDs among those at high risk for type 2 diabetes [7,8].
JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e53517
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In the United Kingdom, 1 in 10 people older than 40 years now has T2 D and around a third of adults living in England have prediabetes [1]. Prediabetes puts individuals at high risk of developing T2 D and the associated health complications [2], including cardiovascular pathologies, kidney disease, eye problems, and foot ulcers [3].
The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges for people with T2 D and prediabetes to access in-person health care and self-care support in the United Kingdom [4,5].
JMIR Diabetes 2024;9:e55201
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To be eligible for the parent study, participants had to: (1) self-identify as South Asian; (2) be between 21-75 years old; (3) have an appointment with a physician for routine nonemergency primary care in the last 12 months; (4) have a diagnosis of diabetes for at least 12 months (for diabetes study participants); (5) have an Hb A1c of at least 7% in the last 12 months (for diabetes study participants); and (6) have a BMI of ≥23 kg/m2, as the threshold for overweight for Asian individuals [33] (for prediabetes
JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e52687
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As prediabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that do not yet meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, the therapeutic management of diabetes and prediabetes is similar [4,5]. In both cases, a comprehensive approach is required to better control glycemia levels [6,7].
JMIR Med Inform 2024;12:e46699
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However, very few adults with prediabetes participate in the DPP and reproductive-aged women are 50% less likely to participate than older women [8]. Our team earlier developed a 360° video to increase risk perception of T2 D. The video helps participants conceptualize T2 D complications throughout the lifespan and is designed to promote DPP enrollment among at-risk adults. It was developed with input from Hispanic community members and was not designed specifically for reproductive-aged women [9].
JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e52583
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