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Effective Recruitment or Bot Attack? The Challenge of Internet-Based Research Surveys and Recommendations to Reduce Risk and Improve Robustness

Effective Recruitment or Bot Attack? The Challenge of Internet-Based Research Surveys and Recommendations to Reduce Risk and Improve Robustness

However, with the increase in public accessibility of internet-based studies comes a potential increase in poor quality or false participants, ranging from careless respondents who respond with insufficient effort [4] to malicious responses such as automated attacks in the form of computer-programmed bots [5,6]. Bots can be fully automated to target internet-based research via automated malware or malicious algorithms [7], or they may be “hybrid” where there is an element of human control.

Liesje Donkin, Nathan Henry, Amy Kercher, Mangor Pedersen, Holly Wilson, Amy Hai Yan Chan

Interact J Med Res 2025;14:e60548

Beliefs in Misinformation About COVID-19 and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine Are Linked: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Survey Study

Beliefs in Misinformation About COVID-19 and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine Are Linked: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Survey Study

Apart from the spread of misinformation—false information disseminated without the intent to deceive—fueled by the uncertainty of pandemic developments and negative emotions on social media [15], it has been suggested that the issue of COVID-19 pandemic has also been “hijacked” and used by disinformation campaigns conducted for monetary [16] or political purposes [17].

Dominika Grygarová, Marek Havlík, Petr Adámek, Jiří Horáček, Veronika Juríčková, Jaroslav Hlinka, Ladislav Kesner

JMIR Infodemiology 2025;5:e62913

Medical Misinformation in Polish on the World Wide Web During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: Infodemiology Study

Medical Misinformation in Polish on the World Wide Web During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: Infodemiology Study

Although various definitions of information credibility [3] and noncredible information, including disinformation or misinformation, exist [4], there remains a lack of a clear definition for false information. In some instances, the literature uses the term “medical fake news” [5], which is defined as “news that is intentionally false and could mislead readers” and “information discrepant with medical knowledge” [6]. The primary objective of such misinformation is to manipulate and shape public opinion.

Małgorzata Chlabicz, Aleksandra Nabożny, Jolanta Koszelew, Wojciech Łaguna, Anna Szpakowicz, Paweł Sowa, Wojciech Budny, Katarzyna Guziejko, Magdalena Róg-Makal, Sławomir Pancewicz, Maciej Kondrusik, Piotr Czupryna, Beata Cudowska, Dariusz Lebensztejn, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska, Adam Wierzbicki, Karol A Kamiński

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e48130