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Comparison of Deep Learning Approaches Using Chest Radiographs for Predicting Clinical Deterioration: Retrospective Observational Study

Comparison of Deep Learning Approaches Using Chest Radiographs for Predicting Clinical Deterioration: Retrospective Observational Study

These preprocessing steps ensured the creation of a high-quality robust dataset for training deep learning models to predict clinical deterioration from chest radiographs. For the prediction task, computer vision deep learning models were trained and optimized with the dataset created from the cohort. Five publicly available computer vision models were compared for our task: (1) VGG16 [24], (2) Dense Net121 [25], (3) Vision Transformer [26], (4) Res Net50 [27], and (5) Inception V3 [28].

Mahmudur Rahman, Jifan Gao, Kyle A Carey, Dana P Edelson, Askar Afshar, John W Garrett, Guanhua Chen, Majid Afshar, Matthew M Churpek

JMIR AI 2025;4:e67144

The AI Reviewer: Evaluating AI’s Role in Citation Screening for Streamlined Systematic Reviews

The AI Reviewer: Evaluating AI’s Role in Citation Screening for Streamlined Systematic Reviews

We conducted a pilot feasibility study evaluating 5 distinct LLMs in an existing systematic review dataset. We compared 5 commonly used LLMs to screen citations from a previously published systematic review on trauma hemorrhage, originally screened by two human reviewers [5]. Of the 1186 total citations, 21 (1.8%) were included for full-text review and 1165 (98.2%) were excluded. We randomly selected 100 excluded citations using Microsoft Excel.

Jamie Ghossein, Brett N Hryciw, Tim Ramsay, Kwadwo Kyeremanteng

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e58366

Using Wear Time for the Analysis of Consumer-Grade Wearables’ Data: Case Study Using Fitbit Data

Using Wear Time for the Analysis of Consumer-Grade Wearables’ Data: Case Study Using Fitbit Data

Dataset details. The details of this study protocol can be found in Carlozzi et al [18]. Briefly, caregivers for persons with Huntington disease (HD), spinal cord injury (SCI), and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from different clinics at the University of Michigan were recruited between November 2020 and June 2021. This study’s objective was to evaluate a just-in-time adaptive intervention to promote caregivers’ self-care.

Loubna Baroudi, Ronald Fredrick Zernicke, Muneesh Tewari, Noelle E Carlozzi, Sung Won Choi, Stephen M Cain

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e46149

Synthetic Data-Driven Approaches for Chinese Medical Abstract Sentence Classification: Computational Study

Synthetic Data-Driven Approaches for Chinese Medical Abstract Sentence Classification: Computational Study

As there is currently no Chinese dataset for sentence-level classification in the medical abstract field, in this step, we used Open AI’s text generation model, GPT-3.5, to generate 3 types of small synthetic datasets, which only contain around 15,000 sentences each yet still perform well on classification tasks. The first one is the translated Pub Med dataset, which is translated into Chinese from the Pub Med 200k RCT dataset by Deep L [28], and we choose 15,000 sentences with clear labels as dataset #1.

Jiajia Li, Zikai Wang, Longxuan Yu, Hui Liu, Haitao Song

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e54803

Prompt Framework for Extracting Scale-Related Knowledge Entities from Chinese Medical Literature: Development and Evaluation Study

Prompt Framework for Extracting Scale-Related Knowledge Entities from Chinese Medical Literature: Development and Evaluation Study

The workflow of the proposed Med Scale NER prompt framework is illustrated in Figure 1 and consists of three main stages: dataset preparation and annotation, design and implementation of the Med Scale NER framework, and in-depth evaluation and comparison. The process begins with the collection of high-quality Chinese journal papers focused on medical scales.

Jie Hao, Zhenli Chen, Qinglong Peng, Liang Zhao, Wanqing Zhao, Shan Cong, Junlian Li, Jiao Li, Qing Qian, Haixia Sun

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e67033

Augmenting Insufficiently Accruing Oncology Clinical Trials Using Generative Models: Validation Study

Augmenting Insufficiently Accruing Oncology Clinical Trials Using Generative Models: Validation Study

A trial’s original dataset, with N number of patients, was first reduced by r. The variable r signifies the fraction of the last patients who were deliberately removed from the input dataset. This results in a reduced dataset with “(1-r) N” patients. In practice, the reduced dataset represents a poorly accruing clinical trial that needs to be rescued. The shaded area outlines the typical steps taken by a practitioner during the implementation process.

Samer El Kababji, Nicholas Mitsakakis, Elizabeth Jonker, Ana-Alicia Beltran-Bless, Gregory Pond, Lisa Vandermeer, Dhenuka Radhakrishnan, Lucy Mosquera, Alexander Paterson, Lois Shepherd, Bingshu Chen, William Barlow, Julie Gralow, Marie-France Savard, Christian Fesl, Dominik Hlauschek, Marija Balic, Gabriel Rinnerthaler, Richard Greil, Michael Gnant, Mark Clemons, Khaled El Emam

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e66821

Cross-Cultural Sense-Making of Global Health Crises: A Text Mining Study of Public Opinions on Social Media Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developed and Developing Economies

Cross-Cultural Sense-Making of Global Health Crises: A Text Mining Study of Public Opinions on Social Media Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developed and Developing Economies

The selected number of topics (T) were extracted from a collective dataset (C). Probability (Pi) of inclusion of individual posts (Ci) from the dataset can be represented as: Our topic models generated a topic matrix and the likelihood of individual topic strength. The bag of words constructed within the matrix can be designated as n-grams. In our case, a bigram model was selected due to its popularity in strengthening topic cohesion and topic relevance.

Adham Kahlawi, Firas Masri, Wasim Ahmed, Josep Vidal-Alaball

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e58656

Classifying Unstructured Text in Electronic Health Records for Mental Health Prediction Models: Large Language Model Evaluation Study

Classifying Unstructured Text in Electronic Health Records for Mental Health Prediction Models: Large Language Model Evaluation Study

Mental health term categories: recall, F1-score, total mentions in the dataset, and most common misclassification (in descending order of recall). Categories with a Recall indicates the proportion of terms in a clinician-coded category that were classified by the model as belonging to that category. b ADHD: attention deficit hyperactive disorder. c OCD: obsessive compulsive disorder. dpsych ADE: psychiatric adverse drugs events.

Nicholas C Cardamone, Mark Olfson, Timothy Schmutte, Lyle Ungar, Tony Liu, Sara W Cullen, Nathaniel J Williams, Steven C Marcus

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e65454

Identifying Complex Scheduling Patterns Among Patients With Cancer With Transportation and Housing Needs: Feasibility Pilot Study

Identifying Complex Scheduling Patterns Among Patients With Cancer With Transportation and Housing Needs: Feasibility Pilot Study

If this action date does not appear in the dataset of ARRIVED appointments, then the count of unresolved cases is increased by 1. Resolution complexity is then computed as the ratio of unresolved counts to the total count of AIDs within the NONARRIVED group. Location complexity is calculated as the number of arrived dates in ARRIVED involving 2 or most different locations divided by the total number of arrived dates in ARRIVED.

Allan Fong, Christian Boxley, Laura Schubel, Christopher Gallagher, Katarina AuBuchon, Hannah Arem

JMIR Cancer 2025;11:e57715

Visualizing Patient Pathways and Identifying Data Repositories in a UK Neurosciences Center: Exploratory Study

Visualizing Patient Pathways and Identifying Data Repositories in a UK Neurosciences Center: Exploratory Study

For this, we used a simple questionnaire to request information from departments on the location of the dataset, the individual data fields collected, the purpose of the data, and how and where it is stored (Multimedia Appendix 1). This study did not access any individual patient data, and as such, ethical approval was not required. The study was undertaken under a Service Evaluation agreement with the Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (Service Evaluation Ref: 427).

Jo Knight, Vishnu Vardhan Chandrabalan, Hedley C A Emsley

JMIR Med Inform 2024;12:e60017