Mental Health Among Medical Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eight European Countries: Cross-sectional Survey Study

Svenja Hummel   ^{1 *} ;   Neele Oetjen   ^{1 *} , MSc ;   Junfeng Du   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Elisabetta Posenato   ¹ , MSc ;   Rosa Maria Resende de Almeida   ³ , MSc ;   Raquel Losada   ³ , MSc ;   Oscar Ribeiro   ⁴ , PhD ;   Vincenza Frisardi   ⁵ , MA, MD ;   Louise Hopper   ⁶ , PhD ;   Asarnusch Rashid   ⁷ , PhD ;   Habib Nasser   ⁸ , PhD ;   Alexandra König   ⁹ , PhD ;   Gottfried Rudofsky   ¹⁰ , MD ;   Steffi Weidt   ¹¹ , Dr med, PD ;   Ali Zafar   ¹ , MSc, MA ;   Nadine Gronewold   ¹ , MSc ;   Gwendolyn Mayer   ¹ , Dipl-Psych ;   Jobst-Hendrik Schultz   ¹ , Dr med, PD

¹ Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

² Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

³ Intras Foundation, Valladolid, Spain

⁴ Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

⁵ Geriatric and NeuroRehabilitation Department, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Emilia, Italy

⁶ School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

⁷ ZTM Bad Kissingen GmbH, Bad Kissingen, Germany

⁸ R&D Department, RDIUP, Les Mureaux, France

⁹ Memory Clinic, Institut Claude Pompidou, Nice, France

¹⁰ Clinic for endocrinology and metabolic disorders, Kantonspital Olten, Olten, Switzerland

¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

*these authors contributed equally