Published on in Vol 13, No 3 (2011): Jul-Sep

Quality of Online Pharmacies and Websites Selling Prescription Drugs: A Systematic Review

Quality of Online Pharmacies and Websites Selling Prescription Drugs: A Systematic Review

Quality of Online Pharmacies and Websites Selling Prescription Drugs: A Systematic Review

Journals

  1. Lagan B, Dolk H, White B, Uges D, Sinclair M. Assessing the availability of the teratogenic drug isotretinoin outside the pregnancy prevention programme: a survey of e‐pharmacies. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2014;23(4):411 View
  2. Penley B, Chen H, Eckel S, Ozawa S. Characteristics of online pharmacies selling Adderall. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2021;61(1):e103 View
  3. Brennan R, Van Hout M, Wells J. Heuristics of human enhancement risk: a little chemical help?. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 2013;51(4):212 View
  4. Abanmy N. The extent of use of online pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2017;25(6):891 View
  5. Chesnes M, Dai W, Zhe Jin G. Banning Foreign Pharmacies from Sponsored Search: The Online Consumer Response. Marketing Science 2017;36(6):879 View
  6. Bauer M, Glenn T, Monteith S, Bauer R, Whybrow P, Geddes J. Ethical perspectives on recommending digital technology for patients with mental illness. International Journal of Bipolar Disorders 2017;5(1) View
  7. Venhuis B, Oostlander A, Giorgio D, Mosimann R, du Plessis I. Oncology drugs in the crosshairs of pharmaceutical crime. The Lancet Oncology 2018;19(4):e209 View
  8. Bowman C, Family H, Agius-Muscat H, Cordina M, Sutton J. Consumer internet purchasing of medicines using a population sample: A mixed methodology approach. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 2020;16(6):819 View
  9. Liu J, Bharadwaj A. Drug Abuse and the Internet: Evidence from Craigslist. Management Science 2020;66(5):2040 View
  10. Cervera Peris M, Alonso Rorís V, Santos Gago J, Álvarez Sabucedo L, Wanden-Berghe C, Sanz-Valero J. Management of the General Process of Parenteral Nutrition Using mHealth Technologies: Evaluation and Validation Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2018;6(4):e79 View
  11. Monteith S, Glenn T, Bauer R, Conell J, Bauer M. Availability of prescription drugs for bipolar disorder at online pharmacies. Journal of Affective Disorders 2016;193:59 View
  12. Boyd S, Moore L, Gilchrist M, Costelloe C, Castro-Sánchez E, Franklin B, Holmes A. Obtaining antibiotics online from within the UK: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2017;72(5):1521 View
  13. Chesnes M, Dai W, Jin G. Banning Foreign Pharmacies from Sponsored Search: The Online Consumer Response. SSRN Electronic Journal 2014 View
  14. KC B, Lim D, Low C, Chew C, Blebil A, Dujaili J, Alrasheedy A. Positioning and Utilization of Information and Communication Technology in Community Pharmacies of Selangor, Malaysia: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Medical Informatics 2020;8(7):e17982 View
  15. Conell J, Bauer R, Glenn T, Alda M, Ardau R, Baune B, Berk M, Bersudsky Y, Bilderbeck A, Bocchetta A, Bossini L, Paredes Castro A, Cheung E, Chillotti C, Choppin S, Del Zompo M, Dias R, Dodd S, Duffy A, Etain B, Fagiolini A, Garnham J, Geddes J, Gildebro J, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Goodwin G, Grof P, Harima H, Hassel S, Henry C, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Kapur V, Kunigiri G, Lafer B, Lam C, Larsen E, Lewitzka U, Licht R, Lund A, Misiak B, Piotrowski P, Monteith S, Munoz R, Nakanotani T, Nielsen R, O’Donovan C, Okamura Y, Osher Y, Reif A, Ritter P, Rybakowski J, Sagduyu K, Sawchuk B, Schwartz E, Scippa Â, Slaney C, Sulaiman A, Suominen K, Suwalska A, Tam P, Tatebayashi Y, Tondo L, Vieta E, Vinberg M, Viswanath B, Volkert J, Zetin M, Zorrilla I, Whybrow P, Bauer M. Online information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder: results from an international multisite survey. International Journal of Bipolar Disorders 2016;4(1) View
  16. Venhuis B, Zwaagstra M, Keizers P, de Kaste D. Dose-to-dose variations with single packages of counterfeit medicines and adulterated dietary supplements as a potential source of false negatives and inaccurate health risk assessments. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2014;89:158 View
  17. Guo M, Ren L, Pang X. Inspecting the True Identity of Herbal Materials from Cynanchum Using ITS2 Barcode. Frontiers in Plant Science 2017;8 View
  18. Orsolini L, Francesconi G, Papanti D, Giorgetti A, Schifano F. Profiling online recreational/prescription drugs' customers and overview of drug vending virtual marketplaces. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 2015;30(4):302 View
  19. Li J, Xu Q, Shah N, Mackey T. A Machine Learning Approach for the Detection and Characterization of Illicit Drug Dealers on Instagram: Model Evaluation Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2019;21(6):e13803 View
  20. Fadlallah R, El-Jardali F, Annan F, Azzam H, Akl E. Strategies and Systems-Level Interventions to Combat or Prevent Drug Counterfeiting: A Systematic Review of Evidence Beyond Effectiveness. Pharmaceutical Medicine 2016;30(5):263 View
  21. Liang B, Mackey T. Online Availability and Safety of Drugs in Shortage: A Descriptive Study of Internet Vendor Characteristics. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2012;14(1):e27 View
  22. Levaggi R, Marcantoni C, Filippucci L, Gelatti U. Not a good buy: Value for money of prescription drugs sold on the Internet. Health Policy 2012;106(3):241 View
  23. Cicero T, Ellis M. Health Outcomes in Patients Using No-Prescription Online Pharmacies to Purchase Prescription Drugs. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2012;14(6):e174 View
  24. Pinyopornpanish K, Jiraporncharoen W, Thaikla K, Yoonut K, Angkurawaranon C. Sedative and Analgesic Drugs Online: A Content Analysis of the Supply and Demand Information Available in Thailand. Substance Use & Misuse 2018;53(4):641 View
  25. Nounou M, Ko Y, Helal N, Boltz J. Adulteration and Counterfeiting of Online Nutraceutical Formulations in the United States: Time for Intervention?. Journal of Dietary Supplements 2018;15(5):789 View
  26. He L, Han D, Zhou X, Qu Z. The Voice of Drug Consumers: Online Textual Review Analysis Using Structural Topic Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020;17(10):3648 View
  27. Guerra C, Mackey T. USA Criminal and Civil Prosecutions Associated with Illicit Online Pharmacies: Legal Analysis and Global Implications. Medicine Access @ Point of Care 2017;1:maapoc.0000020 View
  28. Monteith S, Glenn T. Searching online to buy commonly prescribed psychiatric drugs. Psychiatry Research 2018;260:248 View
  29. Mackey T, Kalyanam J, Katsuki T, Lanckriet G. Twitter-Based Detection of Illegal Online Sale of Prescription Opioid. American Journal of Public Health 2017;107(12):1910 View
  30. Bate R, Jin G, Mathur A. In Whom We Trust: The Role of Certification Agencies in Online Drug Markets. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 2013;14(1):111 View
  31. Mackey T, Liang B. Oncology and the Internet: Regulatory Failure and Reform. Journal of Oncology Practice 2012;8(6):341 View
  32. Zwier S. “Click for Closer Care”: A Content Analysis of Community Pharmacy Websites in Four Countries. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2017;19(6):e205 View
  33. Meyers K, Kaynak Ö, Bresani E, Curtis B, McNamara A, Brownfield K, Kirby K. The availability and depiction of synthetic cathinones (bath salts) on the Internet: Do online suppliers employ features to maximize purchases?. International Journal of Drug Policy 2015;26(7):670 View
  34. Muntinga T, Taylor G. Information-Seeking Strategies in Medicine Queries: A Clinical Eye-Tracking Study with Gaze-Cued Retrospective Think-Aloud Protocol. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2018;34(6):506 View
  35. Sakeena M, Bennett A, Jamshed S, Mohamed F, Herath D, Gawarammana I, McLachlan A. Investigating knowledge regarding antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance among pharmacy students in Sri Lankan universities. BMC Infectious Diseases 2018;18(1) View
  36. Kumaran H, Long C, Bakrin F, Tan C, Goh K, Al-Worafi Y, Lee K, Lua P, Ming L. Online pharmacies: desirable characteristics and regulations. Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 2020;36(6):243 View
  37. Covolo L, Capelli M, Ceretti E, Feretti D, Caimi L, Gelatti U. Nutritional supplements for diabetes sold on the internet: business or health promotion?. BMC Public Health 2013;13(1) View
  38. Fittler A, Vida R, Rádics V, Botz L, Ghezzi P. A challenge for healthcare but just another opportunity for illegitimate online sellers: Dubious market of shortage oncology drugs. PLOS ONE 2018;13(8):e0203185 View
  39. Ceulemans M, Van Calsteren K, Allegaert K, Foulon V. Health products’ and substance use among pregnant women visiting a tertiary hospital in Belgium: A cross‐sectional study. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2019;28(9):1231 View
  40. Assi S, Khan I, Edwards A, Osselton D, Al-Obaidi H. On-spot quantification of modafinil in generic medicines purchased from the Internet using handheld Fourier transform-infrared, near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology 2020;11(1) View
  41. Gelatti U, Pedrazzani R, Marcantoni C, Mascaretti S, Repice C, Filippucci L, Zerbini I, Dal Grande M, Orizio G, Feretti D. ‘You’ve got m@il: Fluoxetine coming soon!’: Accessibility and quality of a prescription drug sold on the web. International Journal of Drug Policy 2013;24(5):392 View
  42. Mackey T. Opioids and the Internet: Convergence of Technology and Policy to Address the Illicit Online Sales of Opioids. Health Services Insights 2018;11:117863291880099 View
  43. Gong Y, Jiang N, Chen Z, Wang J, Zhang J, Feng J, Lu Z, Yin X. Over-the-counter antibiotic sales in community and online pharmacies, China. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2020;98(7):449 View
  44. Leontiadis N, Hutchings A. Scripting the crime commission process in the illicit online prescription drug trade. Journal of Cybersecurity 2015:tyv006 View
  45. Fittler A, Vida R, Káplár M, Botz L. Consumers Turning to the Internet Pharmacy Market: Cross-Sectional Study on the Frequency and Attitudes of Hungarian Patients Purchasing Medications Online. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2018;20(8):e11115 View
  46. Festinger D, Dugosh K, Clements N, Flynn A, Falco M, McLellan A, Arria A. Use of the Internet to Obtain Drugs Without a Prescription Among Treatment-Involved Adolescents and Young Adults. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 2016;25(5):480 View
  47. Mackey T, Nayyar G. Digital danger: a review of the global public health, patient safety and cybersecurity threats posed by illicit online pharmacies. British Medical Bulletin 2016;118(1):110 View
  48. Vida R, Fittler A, Mikulka I, Ábrahám E, Sándor V, Kilár F, Botz L. Availability and quality of illegitimate somatropin products obtained from the Internet. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 2017;39(1):78 View
  49. Bachhuber M, Merchant R. Buying Drugs Online in the Age of Social Media. American Journal of Public Health 2017;107(12):1858 View
  50. Aref-Adib G, Landy G, Eskinazi M, Sommerlad A, Morant N, Johnson S, Graham R, Osborn D, Pitman A. Assessing Digital Risk in Psychiatric Patients: Mixed Methods Study of Psychiatry Trainees’ Experiences, Views, and Understanding. JMIR Mental Health 2020;7(7):e19008 View
  51. Rodler S, von Büren J, Buchner A, Stief C, Elkhanova K, Wülfing C, Jungmann S. Epidemiology and Treatment Barriers of Patients With Erectile Dysfunction Using an Online Prescription Platform: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sexual Medicine 2020;8(3):370 View
  52. Brown J, Li C. Characteristics of online pharmacy users in a nationally representative sample. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2014;54(3):289 View
  53. Okpechi I, Swanepoel C, Venter F. Access to medications and conducting clinical trials in LMICs. Nature Reviews Nephrology 2015;11(3):189 View
  54. Fareed N, Swoboda C, Jonnalagadda P, Huerta T. Persistent digital divide in health-related internet use among cancer survivors: findings from the Health Information National Trends Survey, 2003–2018. Journal of Cancer Survivorship 2021;15(1):87 View
  55. Covolo L, Rubinelli S, Ceretti E, Gelatti U. Internet-Based Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: A Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2015;17(12):e279 View
  56. Mackey T, Nayyar G. A review of existing and emerging digital technologies to combat the global trade in fake medicines. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 2017;16(5):587 View
  57. Fittler A, Bősze G, Botz L. Evaluating Aspects of Online Medication Safety in Long-Term Follow-Up of 136 Internet Pharmacies: Illegal Rogue Online Pharmacies Flourish and Are Long-Lived. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2013;15(9):e199 View
  58. Liu J, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Zhang W. Consumers’ satisfaction factors mining and sentiment analysis of B2C online pharmacy reviews. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2020;20(1) View
  59. Brijnath B, Antoniades J, Adams J. Investigating Patient Perspectives on Medical Returns and Buying Medicines Online in Two Communities in Melbourne, Australia: Results from a Qualitative Study. The Patient - Patient-Centered Outcomes Research 2015;8(2):229 View
  60. O’Hagan A, Garlington A. Counterfeit drugs and the online pharmaceutical trade, a threat to public safety. Foresic Research & Criminology International Journal 2018;6(3) View
  61. Hayhoe B, Butler C, Majeed A, Saxena S. Telling the truth about antibiotics: benefits, harms and moral duty in prescribing for children in primary care. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2018;73(9):2298 View
  62. Kennedy J, Wilson J. Clicking Into Harm’s Way: The Decision to Purchase Regulated Goods Online. American Behavioral Scientist 2017;61(11):1358 View
  63. Mackey T, Kalyanam J, Klugman J, Kuzmenko E, Gupta R. Solution to Detect, Classify, and Report Illicit Online Marketing and Sales of Controlled Substances via Twitter: Using Machine Learning and Web Forensics to Combat Digital Opioid Access. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2018;20(4):e10029 View
  64. Yang D, Wang Y, Mei S. How to balance online healthcare platforms and offline systems? A supply chain management perspective. Managerial and Decision Economics 2021;42(2):502 View
  65. Vida R, Merczel S, Jáhn E, Fittler A. Developing a framework regarding a complex risk based methodology in the evaluation of hazards associated with medicinal products sourced via the internet. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2020;28(12):1733 View
  66. Sabbir M, Islam M, Das S. Understanding the determinants of online pharmacy adoption: a two-staged SEM-neural network analysis approach. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 2021;12(4):666 View
  67. Chail A, Singh H, Dangi A. Regulating e-pharmacies: Whose job is it anyway?. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 2020;62(5):612 View
  68. Jairoun A, Al-Hemyari S, Abdulla N, El-Dahiyat F, Jairoun M, AL-Tamimi S, Babar Z. Online medication purchasing during the Covid-19 pandemic: A pilot study from the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice 2021;14(1) View
  69. von Büren M, Rodler S, Wiesenhütter I, Schröder F, Buchner A, Stief C, Gratzke C, Wülfing C, von Büren J. Digital Real-world Data Suggest Patient Preference for Tadalafil over Sildenafil in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction. European Urology Focus 2022;8(3):794 View
  70. Fittler A, Adeniye L, Katz Z, Bella R. Effect of Infodemic Regarding the Illegal Sale of Medications on the Internet: Evaluation of Demand and Online Availability of Ivermectin during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021;18(14):7475 View
  71. Schuster B, Britton H, Seo H, Altschwager D, Booton E, Ault M, Wickliffe J, Ramaswamy M. “I Don’t Just Take Whatever They Hand to Me”: How Women Recently Released from Incarceration Access Internet Health Information. Women & Criminal Justice 2022:1 View
  72. Bakar A, Ong S, Chuo Y, Ooi G, Hassali M. Barriers for Implementation of E-pharmacy Policy: Views of Pharmacy Authorities, Public Institutions and Societal Groups. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2022;30(1):41 View
  73. Limbu Y, Huhmann B. Online but unlawful sales of unapproved and misbranded prescription drugs: Internet pharmacy compliance with Food and Drug Administration warning letters. Journal of Consumer Affairs 2023;57(3):1015 View
  74. Kaptur B, Peterman N, Lee J. Nutraceuticals and dietary supplements: Disparities in usage and potential for harm. Nutrition and Health 2022;28(3):325 View
  75. Penley B, Minshew L, Chen H, Eckel S, Ozawa S. Accessibility of Low-cost Insulin From Illegitimate Internet Pharmacies: Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2022;24(2):e25855 View
  76. Fittler A, Paczolai P, Ashraf A, Pourhashemi A, Iványi P. Prevalence of Poisoned Google Search Results of Erectile Dysfunction Medications Redirecting to Illegal Internet Pharmacies: Data Analysis Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2022;24(11):e38957 View
  77. B. Savant P, S. Kareppa M. A Review: E-Pharmacy Vs Conventional Pharmacy. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2022:84 View
  78. Alphonsoes >, Zain >, Velisamy >, Pilus >, Ali >, Suleiman >. patterns-of-prescription-medicines-sale-through-e-marketplace-in-malaysia-and-associating-factors. Malaysian Journal of Pharmacy 2021;7(2):85 View
  79. Toroitich A, Dunford L, Armitage R, Tanna S. Patients Access to Medicines – A Critical Review of the Healthcare System in Kenya. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2022;Volume 15:361 View
  80. Haupt M, Cuomo R, Li J, Nali M, Mackey T. The influence of social media affordances on drug dealer posting behavior across multiple social networking sites (SNS). Computers in Human Behavior Reports 2022;8:100235 View
  81. Mackey T, Jarmusch A, Xu Q, Sun K, Lu A, Aguirre S, Lim J, Bhakta S, Dorrestein P. Multifactor Quality and Safety Analysis of Antimicrobial Drugs Sold by Online Pharmacies That Do Not Require a Prescription: Multiphase Observational, Content Analysis, and Product Evaluation Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2022;8(12):e41834 View
  82. Pashkov V, Soloviov O, Harkusha A. Digital Marketing: Problems of Internet Pharmacies Legal Regulation. SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 2021;3(21):191 View
  83. Liu J, Bharadwaj A. The Internet and Drug Abuse: Evidence from Craigslist. SSRN Electronic Journal 2018 View
  84. Long C, Kumaran H, Goh K, Bakrin F, Ming L, Rehman I, Dhaliwal J, Hadi M, Sim Y, Tan C. Online Pharmacies Selling Prescription Drugs: Systematic Review. Pharmacy 2022;10(2):42 View
  85. Ashames A, Bhandare R, AlAbdin S, Alhalabi T, Jassem F. Public perception toward e-commerce of medicines and comparative pharmaceutical quality assessment study of two different products of furosemide tablets from community and illicit online pharmacies. Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019;11(3):284 View
  86. van der Sanden R, Wilkins C, Romeo J, Rychert M, Barratt M. Predictors of using social media to purchase drugs in New Zealand: Findings from a large-scale online survey. International Journal of Drug Policy 2021;98:103430 View
  87. Barata J, Maia F, Mascarenhas A. Digital transformation of the mobile connected pharmacy: a first step toward community pharmacy 5.0. Informatics for Health and Social Care 2022;47(4):347 View
  88. Ponti L, Gabutti L, Faré P, Janett S, Bianchetti M, Schulz P, Lava S, Agostoni C, Milani G. Vitamin D Supply of Multivitamins Commercialized Online by Amazon in Western and Southern Europe: A Labeling Analysis. Nutrients 2023;15(2):326 View
  89. Lobuteva L, Lobuteva A, Zakharova O, Kartashova O, Kocheva N. The modern Russian pharmaceutical market: consumer attitudes towards distance retailing of medicines. BMC Health Services Research 2022;22(1) View
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  92. Hermosilla M, Ni J, Wang H, Zhang J. Unmet Needs: Healthcare Crowd-out During the COVID-19 Pandemic. SSRN Electronic Journal 2020 View
  93. Merczel S, Vida R, Tasi T, Fittler A, Botz L. Quality of dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate containing eye drops distributed online. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2023;31(6):921 View
  94. Limbu Y, Huhmann B. Illicit Online Pharmacies: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2023;20(9):5748 View
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  102. Eab-Aggrey N, Khan S. Prospects and challenges of online pharmacy in post-Covid world: A qualitative study of pharmacists' experiences in Ghana. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy 2024;13:100395 View
  103. Nali M, Purushothaman V, Li Z, Larsen M, Cuomo R, Yang J, Mackey T. Identification and Characterization of Illegal Sales of Cannabis and Nicotine Delivery Products on Telegram Messaging Platform. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2024;26(6):771 View
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Books/Policy Documents

  1. Flynn M, Coutinho T, Luiza V. The Internet and Health in Brazil. View
  2. Lucke J, Partridge B, Forlini C, Racine E. Handbook of Neuroethics. View
  3. Baratto G. The Illegal Trade of Medicines on Social Media. View
  4. Sugiura L. Respectable Deviance and Purchasing Medicine Online. View
  5. Orizio G, Gelatti U. Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior. View
  6. Peake B, Braund R, Tong A, Tremblay L. The Life-Cycle of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. View
  7. Fittler A, Fittler M, György Vida R. Telehealth and Telemedicine - The Far-Reaching Medicine for Everyone and Everywhere. View
  8. Al-Worafi Y. Handbook of Medical and Health Sciences in Developing Countries. View