TY - JOUR AU - Lemieux, Mackenzie AU - Zhou, Cyrus AU - Cary, Caroline AU - Kelly, Jeannie PY - 2024/12/16 TI - Changes in Reproductive Health Information-Seeking Behaviors After the Dobbs Decision: Systematic Search of the Wikimedia Database JO - JMIR Infodemiology SP - e64577 VL - 4 KW - abortion KW - Dobbs KW - internet KW - viewer trends KW - Wikipedia KW - women?s health KW - contraception KW - contraceptive KW - trend KW - information seeking KW - page view KW - reproductive KW - reproduction N2 - Background: After the US Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, confusion followed regarding the legality of abortion in different states across the country. Recent studies found increased Google searches for abortion-related terms in restricted states after the Dobbsv. Jackson Women?s Health Organization decision was leaked. As patients and providers use Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation) as a predominant medical information source, we hypothesized that changes in reproductive health information-seeking behavior could be better understood by examining Wikipedia article traffic. Objective: This study aimed to examine trends in Wikipedia usage for abortion and contraception information before and after the Dobbs decision. Methods: Page views of abortion- and contraception-related Wikipedia pages were scraped. Temporal changes in page views before and after the Dobbs decision were then analyzed to explore changes in baseline views, differences in views for abortion-related information in states with restrictive abortion laws versus nonrestrictive states, and viewer trends on contraception-related pages. Results: Wikipedia articles related to abortion topics had significantly increased page views following the leaked and final Dobbs decision. There was a 103-fold increase in the page views for the Wikipedia article Roe v. Wade following the Dobbs decision leak (mean 372,654, SD 135,478 vs mean 3614, SD 248; P<.001) and a 67-fold increase in page views following the release of the final Dobbs decision (mean 8942, SD 402 vs mean 595,871, SD 178,649; P<.001). Articles about abortion in the most restrictive states had a greater increase in page views (mean 40.6, SD 12.7; 18/51, 35% states) than articles about abortion in states with some restrictions or protections (mean 26.8, SD 7.3; 24/51, 47% states; P<.001) and in the most protective states (mean 20.6, SD 5.7; 8/51, 16% states; P<.001). Finally, views to pages about common contraceptive methods significantly increased after the Dobbs decision. ?Vasectomy? page views increased by 183% (P<.001), ?IUD? (intrauterine device) page views increased by 80% (P<.001), ?Combined oral contraceptive pill? page views increased by 24% (P<.001), ?Emergency Contraception? page views increased by 224% (P<.001), and ?Tubal ligation? page views increased by 92% (P<.001). Conclusions: People sought information on Wikipedia about abortion and contraception at increased rates after the Dobbs decision. Increased traffic to abortion-related Wikipedia articles correlated to the restrictiveness of state abortion policies. Increased interest in contraception-related pages reflects the increased demand for contraceptives observed after the Dobbs decision. Our work positions Wikipedia as an important source of reproductive health information and demands increased attention to maintain and improve Wikipedia as a reliable source of health information after the Dobbs decision. UR - https://infodemiology.jmir.org/2024/1/e64577 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/64577 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ ID - info:doi/10.2196/64577 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fari?, Nu?a AU - Potts, WW Henry AU - Heilman, M. James PY - 2024/9/12 TI - Quality of Male and Female Medical Content on English-Language Wikipedia: Quantitative Content Analysis JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e47562 VL - 26 KW - Wikipedia KW - wikis KW - writing KW - internet KW - health information KW - sex KW - sex bias KW - consumer health information KW - health communication KW - public education KW - social media N2 - Background: Wikipedia is the largest free online encyclopedia and the seventh most visited website worldwide, containing >45,000 freely accessible English-language medical articles accessed nearly 1.6 billion times annually. Concerns have been expressed about the balance of content related to biological sex on Wikipedia. Objective: This study aims to categorize the top 1000 most-read (most popular) English-language Wikipedia health articles for June 2019 according to the relevance of the article topic to each sex and quality. Methods: In the first step, Wikipedia articles were identified using WikiProject Medicine Popular Pages. These were analyzed on 13 factors, including total views, article quality, and total number of references. In the second step, 2 general medical textbooks were used as comparators to assess whether Wikipedia?s spread of articles was typical compared to the general medical coverage. According to the article?s content, we proposed criteria with 5 categories: 1=?exclusively female,? 2=?predominantly female but can also affect male individuals,? 3=?not sex specific or neutral,? 4=predominantly male but can affect female individuals,? and 5=?exclusively male.? Results: Of the 1000 Wikipedia health articles, 933 (93.3%) were not sex specific and 67 (6.7%) were sex specific. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of reads per month between the sex-specific and non?sex-specific articles (P=.29). Coverage of female topics was higher (50/1000, 5%) than male topics (17/1000, 1.7%; this difference was also observed for the 2 medical textbooks, in which 90.2% (2330/2584) of content was not sex specific, female topics accounted for 8.1% (209/2584), and male topics for accounted for 1.7% (45/2584; statistically significant difference; Fisher exact test P=.03). Female-category articles were ranked higher on the Wikipedia medical topic importance list (top, high, or mid importance) than male-category articles (borderline statistical significance; Fisher exact test P=.05). Female articles had a higher number of total and unique references; a slightly higher number of page watchers, pictures, and available languages; and lower number of edits than male articles (all were statistically nonsignificant). Conclusions: Across several metrics, a sample of popular Wikipedia health-related articles for both sexes had comparable quality. Wikipedia had a lower number of female articles and a higher number of neutral articles relative to the 2 medical textbooks. These differences were small, but statistically significant. Higher exclusively female coverage, compared to exclusively male coverage, in Wikipedia articles was similar to the 2 medical textbooks and can be explained by inclusion of sections on obstetrics and gynecology. This is unlike the imbalance seen among biographies of living people, in which approximately 77.6% pertain to male individuals. Although this study included a small sample of articles, the spread of Wikipedia articles may reflect the readership and the population?s content consumption at a given time. Further study of a larger sample of Wikipedia articles would be valuable. UR - https://www.jmir.org/2024/1/e47562 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/47562 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ ID - info:doi/10.2196/47562 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Kunhao AU - Tanaka, Mikihito PY - 2023/6/29 TI - Crowdsourcing Knowledge Production of COVID-19 Information on Japanese Wikipedia in the Face of Uncertainty: Empirical Analysis JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e45024 VL - 25 KW - scientific uncertainty KW - COVID-19 KW - Wikipedia KW - crowdsourcing information production N2 - Background: A worldwide overabundance of information comprising misinformation, rumors, and propaganda concerning COVID-19 has been observed in addition to the pandemic. By addressing this data confusion, Wikipedia has become an important source of information. Objective: This study aimed to investigate how the editors of Wikipedia have handled COVID-19?related information. Specifically, it focused on 2 questions: What were the knowledge preferences of the editors who participated in producing COVID-19?related information? and How did editors with different knowledge preferences collaborate? Methods: This study used a large-scale data set, including >2 million edits in the histories of 1857 editors who edited 133 articles related to COVID-19 on Japanese Wikipedia. Machine learning methods, including graph neural network methods, Bayesian inference, and Granger causality analysis, were used to establish the editors? topic proclivity and collaboration patterns. Results: Overall, 3 trends were observed. Two groups of editors were involved in the production of information on COVID-19. One group had a strong preference for sociopolitical topics (social-political group), and the other group strongly preferred scientific and medical topics (scientific-medical group). The social-political group played a central role (contributing 16,544,495/23,485,683, 70.04% of bits of content and 57,969/76,673, 75.61% of the references) in the information production part of the COVID-19 articles on Wikipedia, whereas the scientific-medical group played only a secondary role. The severity of the pandemic in Japan activated the editing behaviors of the social-political group, leading them to contribute more to COVID-19 information production on Wikipedia while simultaneously deactivating the editing behaviors of the scientific-medical group, resulting in their less contribution to COVID-19 information production on Wikipedia (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.231; P<.001). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that lay experts (ie, Wikipedia editors) in the fields of science and medicine tended to remain silent when facing high scientific uncertainty related to the pandemic. Considering the high quality of the COVID-19?related articles on Japanese Wikipedia, this research also suggested that the sidelining of the science and medicine editors in discussions is not necessarily a problem. Instead, the social and political context of the issues with high scientific uncertainty is more important than the scientific discussions that support accuracy. UR - https://www.jmir.org/2023/1/e45024 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/45024 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37384371 ID - info:doi/10.2196/45024 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ma, Ming AU - Yin, Saifu AU - Zhu, Mengli AU - Fan, Yu AU - Wen, Xi AU - Lin, Tao AU - Song, Turun PY - 2022/8/9 TI - Evaluation of Medical Information on Male Sexual Dysfunction on Baidu Encyclopedia and Wikipedia: Comparative Study JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e37339 VL - 24 IS - 8 KW - sexual dysfunction KW - digital health KW - Baidu Encyclopedia KW - Wikipedia KW - internet KW - health information KW - DISCERN instrument N2 - Background: Sexual dysfunction is a private set of disorders that may cause stigma for patients when discussing their private problems with doctors. They might also feel reluctant to initiate a face-to-face consultation. Internet searches are gradually becoming the first choice for people with sexual dysfunction to obtain health information. Globally, Wikipedia is the most popular and consulted validated encyclopedia website in the English-speaking world. Baidu Encyclopedia is becoming the dominant source in Chinese-speaking regions; however, the objectivity and readability of the content are yet to be evaluated. Objective: Hence, we aimed to evaluate the reliability, readability, and objectivity of male sexual dysfunction content on Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia. Methods: The Chinese Baidu Encyclopedia and English Wikipedia were investigated. All possible synonymous and derivative keywords for the most common male sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and their most common complication, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, were screened. Two doctors evaluated the articles on Chinese Baidu Encyclopedia and English Wikipedia. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) scoring system, DISCERN instrument, and Global Quality Score (GQS) were used to assess the quality of disease-related articles. Results: The total DISCERN scores (P=.002) and JAMA scores (P=.001) for Wikipedia were significantly higher than those of Baidu Encyclopedia; there was no statistical difference between the GQS scores (P=.31) for these websites. Specifically, the DISCERN Section 1 score (P<.001) for Wikipedia was significantly higher than that of Baidu Encyclopedia, while the differences between the DISCERN Section 2 and 3 scores (P=.14 and P=.17, respectively) were minor. Furthermore, Wikipedia had a higher proportion of high total DISCERN scores (P<.001) and DISCERN Section 1 scores (P<.001) than Baidu Encyclopedia. Baidu Encyclopedia and Wikipedia both had low DISCERN Section 2 and 3 scores (P=.49 and P=.99, respectively), and most of these scores were low quality. Conclusions: Wikipedia provides more reliable, higher quality, and more objective information than Baidu Encyclopedia. Yet, there are opportunities for both platforms to vastly improve their content quality. Moreover, both sites had similar poor quality content on treatment options. Joint efforts of physicians, physician associations, medical institutions, and internet platforms are needed to provide reliable, readable, and objective knowledge about diseases. UR - https://www.jmir.org/2022/8/e37339 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/37339 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35943768 ID - info:doi/10.2196/37339 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kim, William AU - Wolfe, M. Sophia AU - Zagona-Prizio, Caterina AU - Dellavalle, P. Robert PY - 2021/7/16 TI - Skin of Color Representation on Wikipedia: Cross-sectional Analysis JO - JMIR Dermatol SP - e27802 VL - 4 IS - 2 KW - skin of color KW - Wikipedia KW - dermatology KW - skin photographs KW - skin color KW - eHealth KW - representation KW - SOC KW - skin conditions KW - photos KW - images KW - medical images N2 - Background: Wikipedia is one of the most popular websites and may be a go-to source of health and dermatology education for the general population. Prior research indicates poor skin of color (SOC) photo representation in printed dermatology textbooks and online medical websites, but there has been no such assessment performed to determine whether this discrepancy also exists for Wikipedia. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the number and quality of SOC photos included in Wikipedia?s skin disease pages and to explore the possible ramifications of these findings. Methods: Photos of skin diseases from Wikipedia?s ?List of Skin Conditions? were assigned by three independent raters as SOC or non-SOC according to the Fitzpatrick system, and were given a quality rating (1-3) based on sharpness, size/resolution, and lighting/exposure. Results: We identified 421 skin disease Wikipedia pages and 949 images that met our inclusion criteria. Within these pages, 20.7% of images of skin diseases (196 of 949 images) were SOC and 79.3% (753 of 949 images) were non-SOC (P<.001). There was no difference in the average quality for SOC (2.05) and non-SOC (2.03) images (P=.81). However, the photo quality criteria utilized (sharpness, size/resolution, and lighting/exposure) did not capture all aspects of photo quality. Another limitation of this analysis is that the Fitzpatrick skin typing system is prone to subjectivity and was not originally intended to be utilized as a non-self SOC metric. Conclusions: There is SOC underrepresentation in the gross number of SOC images for dermatologic conditions on Wikipedia. Wikipedia pages should be updated to include more SOC photos to mend this divide to ameliorate access to accurate dermatology information for the general public and improve health equity within dermatology. UR - https://derma.jmir.org/2021/2/e27802 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27802 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37632806 ID - info:doi/10.2196/27802 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Archambault, Michel Patrick AU - Rivard, Josée AU - Smith, Y. Pascal AU - Sinha, Samir AU - Morin, Michèle AU - LeBlanc, Annie AU - Couturier, Yves AU - Pelletier, Isabelle AU - Ghandour, Kebir El AU - Légaré, France AU - Denis, Jean-Louis AU - Melady, Don AU - Paré, Daniel AU - Chouinard, Josée AU - Kroon, Chantal AU - Huot-Lavoie, Maxime AU - Bert, Laetitia AU - Witteman, O. Holly AU - Brousseau, Audrey-Anne AU - Dallaire, Clémence AU - Sirois, Marie-Josée AU - Émond, Marcel AU - Fleet, Richard AU - Chandavong, Sam AU - PY - 2020/8/5 TI - Learning Integrated Health System to Mobilize Context-Adapted Knowledge With a Wiki Platform to Improve the Transitions of Frail Seniors From Hospitals and Emergency Departments to the Community (LEARNING WISDOM): Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Implementation Study JO - JMIR Res Protoc SP - e17363 VL - 9 IS - 8 KW - implementation science KW - knowledge translation KW - context adaptation KW - interrupted time series KW - care transitions KW - elderly KW - older persons KW - health care utilization KW - frailty KW - learning health systems KW - Wiki KW - collaborative writing applications N2 - Background: Elderly patients discharged from hospital experience fragmented care, repeated and lengthy emergency department (ED) visits, relapse into their earlier condition, and rapid cognitive and functional decline. The Acute Care for Elders (ACE) program at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Canada uses innovative strategies, such as transition coaches, to improve the care transition experiences of frail elderly patients. The ACE program reduced the lengths of hospital stay and readmission for elderly patients, increased patient satisfaction, and saved the health care system over Can $4.2 million (US $2.6 million) in 2014. In 2016, a context-adapted ACE program was implemented at one hospital in the Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches (CISSS-CA) with a focus on improving transitions between hospitals and the community. The quality improvement project used an intervention strategy based on iterative user-centered design prototyping and a ?Wiki-suite? (free web-based database containing evidence-based knowledge tools) to engage multiple stakeholders. Objective: The objectives of this study are to (1) implement a context-adapted CISSS-CA ACE program in four hospitals in the CISSS-CA and measure its impact on patient-, caregiver-, clinical-, and hospital-level outcomes; (2) identify underlying mechanisms by which our context-adapted CISSS-CA ACE program improves care transitions for the elderly; and (3) identify underlying mechanisms by which the Wiki-suite contributes to context-adaptation and local uptake of knowledge tools. Methods: Objective 1 will involve staggered implementation of the context-adapted CISSS-CA ACE program across the four CISSS-CA sites and interrupted time series to measure the impact on hospital-, patient-, and caregiver-level outcomes. Objectives 2 and 3 will involve a parallel mixed-methods process evaluation study to understand the mechanisms by which our context-adapted CISSS-CA ACE program improves care transitions for the elderly and by which our Wiki-suite contributes to adaptation, implementation, and scaling up of geriatric knowledge tools. Results: Data collection started in January 2019. As of January 2020, we enrolled 1635 patients and 529 caregivers from the four participating hospitals. Data collection is projected to be completed in January 2022. Data analysis has not yet begun. Results are expected to be published in 2022. Expected results will be presented to different key internal stakeholders to better support the effort and resources deployed in the transition of seniors. Through key interventions focused on seniors, we are expecting to increase patient satisfaction and quality of care and reduce readmission and ED revisit. Conclusions: This study will provide evidence on effective knowledge translation strategies to adapt best practices to the local context in the transition of care for elderly people. The knowledge generated through this project will support future scale-up of the ACE program and our wiki methodology in other settings in Canada. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04093245; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04093245. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/17363 UR - https://www.researchprotocols.org/2020/8/e17363 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17363 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755891 ID - info:doi/10.2196/17363 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yacob, Michael AU - Lotfi, Shamim AU - Tang, Shannon AU - Jetty, Prasad PY - 2020/6/19 TI - Wikipedia in Vascular Surgery Medical Education: Comparative Study JO - JMIR Med Educ SP - e18076 VL - 6 IS - 1 KW - medical education KW - Wikipedia KW - vascular surgery KW - medical student N2 - Background: Medical students commonly refer to Wikipedia as their preferred online resource for medical information. The quality and readability of articles about common vascular disorders on Wikipedia has not been evaluated or compared against a standard textbook of surgery. Objective: The aims of this study were to (1) compare the quality of Wikipedia articles to that of equivalent chapters in a standard undergraduate medical textbook of surgery, (2) identify any errors of omission in either resource, and (3) compare the readability of both resources using validated ease-of-reading and grade-level tools. Methods: Using the Medical Council of Canada Objectives for the Qualifying Examination, 8 fundamental topics of vascular surgery were chosen. The articles were found on Wikipedia using Wikipedia?s native search engine. The equivalent chapters were identified in Schwartz Principles of Surgery (ninth edition). Medical learners (n=2) assessed each of the texts on their original platforms to independently evaluate readability, quality, and errors of omission. Readability was evaluated with Flesch Reading Ease scores and 5 grade-level scores (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index, and Automated Readability Index), quality was evaluated using the DISCERN instrument, and errors of omission were evaluated using a standardized scoring system that was designed by the authors. Results: Flesch Reading Ease scores suggested that Wikipedia (mean 30.5; SD 8.4) was significantly easier to read (P=.03) than Schwartz (mean 20.2; SD 9.0). The mean grade level (calculated using all grade-level indices) of the Wikipedia articles (mean 14.2; SD 1.3) was significantly different (P=.02) than the mean grade level of Schwartz (mean 15.9; SD 1.4). The quality of the text was also assessed using the DISCERN instrument and suggested that Schwartz (mean 71.4; SD 3.1) had a significantly higher quality (P=.002) compared to that of Wikipedia (mean 52.9; SD 11.4). Finally, the Wikipedia error of omission rate (mean 12.5; SD 6.8) was higher than that of Schwartz (mean 21.3; SD 1.9) indicating that there were significantly fewer errors of omission in the surgical textbook (P=.008). Conclusions: Online resources are increasingly easier to access but can vary in quality. Based on this comparison, the authors of this study recommend the use of vascular surgery textbooks as a primary source of learning material because the information within is more consistent in quality and has fewer errors of omission. Wikipedia can be a useful resource for quick reference, particularly because of its ease of reading, but its vascular surgery articles require further development. UR - http://mededu.jmir.org/2020/1/e18076/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18076 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32417754 ID - info:doi/10.2196/18076 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Speaks, Hannah AU - Falise, Alyssa AU - Grosgebauer, Kaitlin AU - Duncan, Dustin AU - Carrico, Adam PY - 2019/12/10 TI - Racial Disparities in Mortality Among American Film Celebrities: A Wikipedia-Based Retrospective Cohort Study JO - Interact J Med Res SP - e13871 VL - 8 IS - 4 KW - continental population groups KW - internet KW - mortality KW - race N2 - Background: In the United States, well-documented racial disparities in health outcomes are frequently attributed to racial bias and socioeconomic inequalities. However, it remains unknown whether racial disparities in mortality persist among those with higher socioeconomic status (SES) and occupational prestige. Objective: As the celebrity population is generally characterized by high levels of SES and occupational prestige, this study aimed to examine survival differences between black and white film celebrities. Methods: Using a Web-based, open-source encyclopedia (ie, Wikipedia), data for 5829 entries of randomly selected American film actors and actresses born between 1900 and 2000 were extracted. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was conducted using 4356 entries to compare the difference in survival by race. A Cox semiparametric regression analysis examined whether adjusting for year of birth, gender, and cause of death influenced differences in survival by race. Results: Most celebrities were non-Hispanic white (3847/4352, 88.4%), male (3565/4352, 81.9%), and born in the United States (4187/4352, 96.2%). Mean age at death for black celebrities (64.1; 95% CI 60.6-67.5 years) was 6.4 years shorter than that for white celebrities (70.5; 95% CI 69.6-71.4 years; P<.001). Black celebrities had a faster all-cause mortality rate using Kaplan-Meier survival function estimates and a log-rank test. However, in a Cox semiparametric regression, there was no longer a significant difference in survival times between black and white celebrities (hazard ratio 1.07; 95% CI 0.87-1.31). Conclusions: There is some evidence that racial disparities in all-cause mortality may persist at higher levels of SES, but this association was no longer significant in adjusted analyses. Further research is needed to examine if racial disparities in mortality are diminished at higher levels of SES among more representative populations. UR - http://www.i-jmr.org/2019/4/e13871/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13871 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31821148 ID - info:doi/10.2196/13871 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weiner, Schecter Shira AU - Horbacewicz, Jill AU - Rasberry, Lane AU - Bensinger-Brody, Yocheved PY - 2019/03/18 TI - Improving the Quality of Consumer Health Information on Wikipedia: Case Series JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e12450 VL - 21 IS - 3 KW - consumer health information KW - health literacy KW - Wikipedia KW - public health KW - physical therapy education N2 - Background: Wikipedia is one of the most consulted health resources in the world. Since the public is using health information from Wikipedia to make health care decisions, improving the quality of that health information is in the public interest. The open editable content design of Wikipedia and quality control processes in place provide an opportunity to add high-value, evidence-based information and take an active role in improving the health care information infrastructure. Objective: The aim of this project was to enhance Wikipedia health pages using high-quality, current research findings and track the persistence of those edits and number of page views after the changes to assess the reach of this initiative. Methods: We conducted Wikipedia Editathons with 3 different cohorts of Physical Therapy (PT) students to add high-quality health information to existing Wikipedia pages. Students synthesized best evidence information and updated and/or corrected existing Wikipedia entries on specific health pages. To evaluate the impact of these contributions, we examined two factors: (1) response to our contributions from the Wikipedia editing community, including number and type of subsequent edits as well as persistence of the student contributions and (2) number of page views by the public from the time of the page edits. Results: A total of 98 PT students in 3 different cohorts engaged in Editathons, editing 24 health pages. Of the 24 edits, 22 persisted at the end of the observation period (from time of entry to May 31, 2018) and received nearly 8 million page views. Each health page had an average of 354,724 page views. Conclusions: The Wikipedia Editathon is an effective way to continuously enhance the quality of health information available on Wikipedia. It is also an excellent way of bridging health technology with best-evidence medical facts and disseminating accurate, useful information to the public. UR - https://www.jmir.org/2019/3/e12450/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12450 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30882357 ID - info:doi/10.2196/12450 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jemielniak, Dariusz AU - Masukume, Gwinyai AU - Wilamowski, Maciej PY - 2019/01/18 TI - The Most Influential Medical Journals According to Wikipedia: Quantitative Analysis JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e11429 VL - 21 IS - 1 KW - citizen science KW - medical journals KW - open knowledge KW - Wikipedia KW - knowledge translation KW - journalology KW - medical publishing KW - scholarly publishing N2 - Background: Wikipedia, the multilingual encyclopedia, was founded in 2001 and is the world?s largest and most visited online general reference website. It is widely used by health care professionals and students. The inclusion of journal articles in Wikipedia is of scholarly interest, but the time taken for a journal article to be included in Wikipedia, from the moment of its publication to its incorporation into Wikipedia, is unclear. Objective: We aimed to determine the ranking of the most cited journals by their representation in the English-language medical pages of Wikipedia. In addition, we evaluated the number of days between publication of journal articles and their citation in Wikipedia medical pages, treating this measure as a proxy for the information-diffusion rate. Methods: We retrieved the dates when articles were included in Wikipedia and the date of journal publication from Crossref by using an application programming interface. Results: From 11,325 Wikipedia medical articles, we identified citations to 137,889 journal articles from over 15,000 journals. There was a large spike in the number of journal articles published in or after 2002 that were cited by Wikipedia. The higher the importance of a Wikipedia article, the higher was the mean number of journal citations it contained (top article, 48.13 [SD 33.67]; lowest article, 6.44 [SD 9.33]). However, the importance of the Wikipedia article did not affect the speed of reference addition. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was the most cited journal by Wikipedia, followed by The New England Journal of Medicine and The Lancet. The multidisciplinary journals Nature, Science, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences were among the top 10 journals with the highest Wikipedia medical article citations. For the top biomedical journal papers cited in Wikipedia's medical pages in 2016-2017, it took about 90 days (3 months) for the citation to be used in Wikipedia. Conclusions: We found evidence of ?recentism,? which refers to preferential citation of recently published journal articles in Wikipedia. Traditional high-impact medical and multidisciplinary journals were extensively cited by Wikipedia, suggesting that Wikipedia medical articles have robust underpinnings. In keeping with the Wikipedia policy of citing reviews/secondary sources in preference to primary sources, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was the most referenced journal. UR - http://www.jmir.org/2019/1/e11429/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11429 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30664451 ID - info:doi/10.2196/11429 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pascoe, Michael AU - Monroe, Forrest AU - Macfarlane, Helen PY - 2018/06/14 TI - Taking Constructivism One Step Further: Post Hoc Analysis of a Student-Created Wiki JO - JMIR Med Educ SP - e16 VL - 4 IS - 1 KW - wiki KW - constructivist learning KW - medical education KW - analytics N2 - Background: Wiki platform use has potential to improve student learning by improving engagement with course material. A student-created wiki was established to serve as a repository of study tools for students in a medical school curriculum. There is a scarcity of information describing student-led creation of wikis in medical education. Objective: The aim is to characterize website traffic of a student-created wiki and evaluate student perceptions of usage via a short anonymous online survey. Methods: Website analytics were used to track visitation statistics to the wiki and a survey was distributed to assess ease of use, interest in contributing to the wiki, and suggestions for improvement. Results: Site traffic data indicated high usage, with a mean of 315 (SD 241) pageviews per day from July 2011 to March 2013 and 74,317 total user sessions. The mean session duration was 1.94 (SD 1.39) minutes. Comparing Fall 2011 to Fall 2012 sessions revealed a large increase in returning visitors (from 12,397 to 20,544, 65.7%) and sessions via mobile devices (831 to 1560, 87.7%). The survey received 164 responses; 88.0% (162/184) were aware of the wiki at the time of the survey. On average, respondents felt that the wiki was more useful in the preclinical years (mean 2.73, SD 1.25) than in the clinical years (mean 1.88, SD 1.12; P<.001). Perceived usefulness correlated with the percent of studying for which the respondent used electronic resources (Spearman ?=.414, P<.001). Conclusions: Overall, the wiki was a highly utilized, although informal, part of the curriculum with much room for improvement and future exploration. UR - http://mededu.jmir.org/2018/1/e16/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mededu.9197 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29903697 ID - info:doi/10.2196/mededu.9197 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holtz, Peter AU - Fetahu, Besnik AU - Kimmerle, Joachim PY - 2018/05/10 TI - Effects of Contributor Experience on the Quality of Health-Related Wikipedia Articles JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e171 VL - 20 IS - 5 KW - Wikipedia KW - health-information online KW - collaborative knowledge construction KW - contributor characteristics N2 - Background: Consulting the Internet for health-related information is a common and widespread phenomenon, and Wikipedia is arguably one of the most important resources for health-related information. Therefore, it is relevant to identify factors that have an impact on the quality of health-related Wikipedia articles. Objective: In our study we have hypothesized a positive effect of contributor experience on the quality of health-related Wikipedia articles. Methods: We mined the edit history of all (as of February 2017) 18,805 articles that were listed in the categories on the portal health & fitness in the English language version of Wikipedia. We identified tags within the articles? edit histories, which indicated potential issues with regard to the respective article?s quality or neutrality. Of all of the sampled articles, 99 (99/18,805, 0.53%) articles had at some point received at least one such tag. In our analysis we only considered those articles with a minimum of 10 edits (10,265 articles in total; 96 tagged articles, 0.94%). Additionally, to test our hypothesis, we constructed contributor profiles, where a profile consisted of all the articles edited by a contributor and the corresponding number of edits contributed. We did not differentiate between rollbacks and edits with novel content. Results: Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-tests indicated a higher number of previously edited articles for editors of the nontagged articles (mean rank tagged 2348.23, mean rank nontagged 5159.29; U=9.25, P<.001). However, we did not find a significant difference for the contributors? total number of edits (mean rank tagged 4872.85, mean rank nontagged 5135.48; U=0.87, P=.39). Using logistic regression analysis with the respective article?s number of edits and number of editors as covariates, only the number of edited articles yielded a significant effect on the article?s status as tagged versus nontagged (dummy-coded; Nagelkerke R2 for the full model=.17; B [SE B]=-0.001 [0.00]; Wald c2 [1]=19.70; P<.001), whereas we again found no significant effect for the mere number of edits (Nagelkerke R2 for the full model=.15; B [SE B]=0.000 [0.01]; Wald c2 [1]=0.01; P=.94). Conclusions: Our findings indicate an effect of contributor experience on the quality of health-related Wikipedia articles. However, only the number of previously edited articles was a predictor of the articles? quality but not the mere volume of edits. More research is needed to disentangle the different aspects of contributor experience. We have discussed the implications of our findings with respect to ensuring the quality of health-related information in collaborative knowledge-building platforms. UR - http://www.jmir.org/2018/5/e171/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9683 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29748161 ID - info:doi/10.2196/jmir.9683 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scaffidi, A. Michael AU - Khan, Rishad AU - Wang, Christopher AU - Keren, Daniela AU - Tsui, Cindy AU - Garg, Ankit AU - Brar, Simarjeet AU - Valoo, Kamesha AU - Bonert, Michael AU - de Wolff, F. Jacob AU - Heilman, James AU - Grover, C. Samir PY - 2017/10/31 TI - Comparison of the Impact of Wikipedia, UpToDate, and a Digital Textbook on Short-Term Knowledge Acquisition Among Medical Students: Randomized Controlled Trial of Three Web-Based Resources JO - JMIR Med Educ SP - e20 VL - 3 IS - 2 KW - medical education KW - medical students N2 - Background: Web-based resources are commonly used by medical students to supplement curricular material. Three commonly used resources are UpToDate (Wolters Kluwer Inc), digital textbooks, and Wikipedia; there are concerns, however, regarding Wikipedia?s reliability and accuracy. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Wikipedia use on medical students? short-term knowledge acquisition compared with UpToDate and a digital textbook. Methods: This was a prospective, nonblinded, three-arm randomized trial. The study was conducted from April 2014 to December 2016. Preclerkship medical students were recruited from four Canadian medical schools. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants through word of mouth, social media, and email. Participants must have been enrolled in their first or second year of medical school at a Canadian medical school. After recruitment, participants were randomized to one of the three Web-based resources: Wikipedia, UpToDate, or a digital textbook. During testing, participants first completed a multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ) of 25 questions emulating a Canadian medical licensing examination. During the MCQ, participants took notes on topics to research. Then, participants researched topics and took written notes using their assigned resource. They completed the same MCQ again while referencing their notes. Participants also rated the importance and availability of five factors pertinent to Web-based resources. The primary outcome measure was knowledge acquisition as measured by posttest scores. The secondary outcome measures were participants? perceptions of importance and availability of each resource factor. Results: A total of 116 medical students were recruited. Analysis of variance of the MCQ scores demonstrated a significant interaction between time and group effects (P<.001, ?g2=0.03), with the Wikipedia group scoring higher on the MCQ posttest compared with the textbook group (P<.001, d=0.86). Access to hyperlinks, search functions, and open-source editing were rated significantly higher by the Wikipedia group compared with the textbook group (P<.001). Additionally, the Wikipedia group rated open access editing significantly higher than the UpToDate group; expert editing and references were rated significantly higher by the UpToDate group compared with the Wikipedia group (P<.001). Conclusions: Medical students who used Wikipedia had superior short-term knowledge acquisition compared with those who used a digital textbook. Additionally, the Wikipedia group trended toward better posttest performance compared with the UpToDate group, though this difference was not significant. There were no significant differences between the UpToDate group and the digital textbook group. This study challenges the view that Wikipedia should be discouraged among medical students, instead suggesting a potential role in medical education. UR - http://mededu.jmir.org/2017/2/e20/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mededu.8188 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29089291 ID - info:doi/10.2196/mededu.8188 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Archambault, Michel Patrick AU - Beaupré, Pierre AU - Bégin, Laura AU - Dupuis, Audrey AU - Côté, Mario AU - Légaré, France PY - 2016/05/17 TI - Impact of Implementing a Wiki to Develop Structured Electronic Order Sets on Physicians' Intention to Use Wiki-Based Order Sets JO - JMIR Med Inform SP - e18 VL - 4 IS - 2 KW - knowledge translation KW - wiki KW - collaborative writing applications KW - decision support tools KW - health informatics KW - Theory of Planned Behavior KW - emergency medicine KW - computer physician order entry N2 - Background: Wikis have the potential to promote best practices in health systems by sharing order sets with a broad community of stakeholders. However, little is known about the impact of using a wiki on clinicians? intention to use wiki-based order sets. Objective: The aims of this study were: (1) to describe the use of a wiki to create structured order sets for a single emergency department; (2) to evaluate whether the use of this wiki changed emergency physicians? future intention to use wiki-based order sets; and (3) to understand the impact of using the wiki on the behavioral determinants for using wiki-based order sets. Methods: This was a pre/post-intervention mixed-methods study conducted in one hospital in Lévis, Quebec. The intervention was comprised of receiving access to and being motivated by the department head to use a wiki for 6 months to create electronic order sets designed to be used in a computer physician order entry system. Before and after our intervention, we asked participants to complete a previously validated questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Our primary outcome was the intention to use wiki-based order sets in clinical practice. We also assessed participants? attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm to use wiki-based order sets. Paired pre- and post-Likert scores were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The post-questionnaire also included open-ended questions concerning participants? comments about the wiki, which were then classified into themes using an existing taxonomy. Results: Twenty-eight emergency physicians were enrolled in the study (response rate: 100%). Physicians? mean intention to use a wiki-based reminder was 5.42 (SD 1.04) before the intervention, and increased to 5.81 (SD 1.25) on a 7-point Likert scale (P=.03) after the intervention. Participants? attitude towards using a wiki-based order set also increased from 5.07 (SD 0.90) to 5.57 (SD 0.88) (P=.003). Perceived behavioral control and subjective norm did not change. Easier information sharing was the most frequently positive impact raised. In order of frequency, the three most important facilitators reported were: ease of use, support from colleagues, and promotion by the departmental head. Although participants did not mention any perceived negative impacts, they raised the following barriers in order of frequency: poor organization of information, slow computers, and difficult wiki access. Conclusions: Emergency physicians? intention and attitude to use wiki-based order sets increased after having access to and being motivated to use a wiki for 6 months. Future studies need to explore if this increased intention will translate into sustained actual use and improve patient care. Certain barriers need to be addressed before implementing a wiki for use on a larger scale. UR - http://medinform.jmir.org/2016/2/e18/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/medinform.4852 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27189046 ID - info:doi/10.2196/medinform.4852 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Plaisance, Ariane AU - Witteman, O. Holly AU - Heyland, Keith Daren AU - Ebell, H. Mark AU - Dupuis, Audrey AU - Lavoie-Bérard, Carole-Anne AU - Légaré, France AU - Archambault, Michel Patrick PY - 2016/02/11 TI - Development of a Decision Aid for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Involving Intensive Care Unit Patients' and Health Professionals' Participation Using User-Centered Design and a Wiki Platform for Rapid Prototyping: A Research Protocol JO - JMIR Res Protoc SP - e24 VL - 5 IS - 1 KW - cardiopulmonary resuscitation KW - end-of-life planning KW - goals of care discussions KW - intensive care medicine KW - medical informatics KW - shared decision making KW - user-centered design KW - wikis N2 - Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an intervention used in cases of cardiac arrest to revive patients whose heart has stopped. Because cardiac arrest can have potentially devastating outcomes such as severe neurological deficits even if CPR is performed, patients must be involved in determining in advance if they want CPR in the case of an unexpected arrest. Shared decision making (SDM) facilitates discussions about goals of care regarding CPR in intensive care units (ICUs). Patient decision aids (DAs) are proven to support the implementation of SDM. Many patient DAs about CPR exist, but they are not universally implemented in ICUs in part due to lack of context and cultural adaptation. Adaptation to local context is an important phase of implementing any type of knowledge tool such as patient DAs. User-centered design supported by a wiki platform to perform rapid prototyping has previously been successful in creating knowledge tools adapted to the needs of patients and health professionals (eg, asthma action plans). This project aims to explore how user-centered design and a wiki platform can support the adaptation of an existing DA for CPR to the local context. Objective: The primary objective is to use an existing DA about CPR to create a wiki-based DA that is adapted to the context of a single ICU and tailorable to individual patient?s risk factors while employing user-centered design. The secondary objective is to document the use of a wiki platform for the adaptation of patient DAs. Methods: This study will be conducted in a mixed surgical and medical ICU at Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis, Quebec, Canada. We plan to involve all 5 intensivists and recruit at least 20 alert and oriented patients admitted to the ICU and their family members if available. In the first phase of this study, we will observe 3 weeks of daily interactions between patients, families, intensivists, and other allied health professionals. We will specifically observe 5 dyads of attending intensivists and alert and oriented patients discussing goals of care concerning CPR to understand how a patient DA could support this decision. We will also conduct individual interviews with the 5 intensivists to identify their needs concerning the implementation of a DA. In the second phase of the study, we will build a first prototype based on the needs identified in Phase I. We will start by translating an existing DA entitled ?Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a decision aid for patients and their families.? We will then adapt this tool to the needs we identified in Phase I and archive this first prototype in a wiki. Building on the wiki?s programming architecture, we intend to integrate the Good Outcome Following Attempted Resuscitation risk calculator into our DA to determine personal risks and benefits of CPR for each patient. We will then present the first prototype to 5 new patient-intensivist dyads. Feedback about content and visual presentation will be collected from the intensivists through short interviews while longer interviews will be conducted with patients and their family members to inform the visual design and content of the next prototype. After each rapid prototyping cycle, 2 researchers will perform qualitative content analysis of data collected through interviews and direct observations. We will attempt to solve all content and visual design issues identified before moving to the next round of prototyping. In all, we will conduct 3 prototyping cycles with a total of 15 patient-intensivist dyads. Results: We expect to develop a multimedia wiki-based DA to support goals of care discussions about CPR adapted to the local needs of patients, their family members, and intensivists and tailorable to individual patient risk factors. The final version of the DA as well as the development process will be housed in an open-access wiki and free to be adapted and used in other contexts. Conclusions: This study will shed new light on the development of DAs adapted to local context and tailorable to individual patient risk factors employing user-centered design and a wiki to support rapid prototyping of content and visual design issues. UR - http://www.researchprotocols.org/2016/1/e24/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/resprot.5107 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26869137 ID - info:doi/10.2196/resprot.5107 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gabarron, Elia AU - Lau, YS Annie AU - Wynn, Rolf PY - 2015/12/22 TI - Is There a Weekly Pattern for Health Searches on Wikipedia and Is the Pattern Unique to Health Topics? JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e286 VL - 17 IS - 12 KW - information-seeking behavior KW - health information?seeking behavior KW - periodicity KW - Wikipedia KW - chlamydia KW - gonorrhea KW - HIV KW - AIDS KW - influenza KW - diabetes N2 - Background: Online health information?seeking behaviors have been reported to be more common at the beginning of the workweek. This behavior pattern has been interpreted as a kind of ?healthy new start? or ?fresh start? due to regrets or attempts to compensate for unhealthy behavior or poor choices made during the weekend. However, the observations regarding the most common health information?seeking day were based only on the analyses of users? behaviors with websites on health or on online health-related searches. We wanted to confirm if this pattern could be found in searches of Wikipedia on health-related topics and also if this search pattern was unique to health-related topics or if it could represent a more general pattern of online information searching?which could be of relevance even beyond the health sector. Objective: The aim was to examine the degree to which the search pattern described previously was specific to health-related information seeking or whether similar patterns could be found in other types of information-seeking behavior. Methods: We extracted the number of searches performed on Wikipedia in the Norwegian language for 911 days for the most common sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS]), other health-related topics (influenza, diabetes, and menopause), and 2 nonhealth-related topics (footballer Lionel Messi and pop singer Justin Bieber). The search dates were classified according to the day of the week and ANOVA tests were used to compare the average number of hits per day of the week. Results: The ANOVA tests showed that the sexually transmitted disease queries had their highest peaks on Tuesdays (P<.001) and the fewest searches on Saturdays. The other health topics also showed a weekly pattern, with the highest peaks early in the week and lower numbers on Saturdays (P<.001). Footballer Lionel Messi had the highest mean number of hits on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, whereas pop singer Justin Bieber had the most hits on Tuesdays. Both these tracked search queries also showed significantly lower numbers on Saturdays (P<.001). Conclusions: Our study supports prior studies finding an increase in health information searching at the beginning of the workweek. However, we also found a similar pattern for 2 randomly chosen nonhealth-related terms, which may suggest that the search pattern is not unique to health-related searches. The results are potentially relevant beyond the field of health and our preliminary findings need to be further explored in future studies involving a broader range of nonhealth-related searches. UR - http://www.jmir.org/2015/12/e286/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5038 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26693859 ID - info:doi/10.2196/jmir.5038 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pfundner, Alexander AU - Schönberg, Tobias AU - Horn, John AU - Boyce, D. Richard AU - Samwald, Matthias PY - 2015/05/05 TI - Utilizing the Wikidata System to Improve the Quality of Medical Content in Wikipedia in Diverse Languages: A Pilot Study JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e110 VL - 17 IS - 5 KW - Internet KW - Wikipedia KW - drug information services KW - semantic networks KW - medical informatics KW - drug interactions N2 - Background: Wikipedia is an important source of medical information for both patients and medical professionals. Given its wide reach, improving the quality, completeness, and accessibility of medical information on Wikipedia could have a positive impact on global health. Objective: We created a prototypical implementation of an automated system for keeping drug-drug interaction (DDI) information in Wikipedia up to date with current evidence about clinically significant drug interactions. Our work is based on Wikidata, a novel, graph-based database backend of Wikipedia currently in development. Methods: We set up an automated process for integrating data from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) high priority DDI list into Wikidata. We set up exemplary implementations demonstrating how the DDI data we introduced into Wikidata could be displayed in Wikipedia articles in diverse languages. Finally, we conducted a pilot analysis to explore if adding the ONC high priority data would substantially enhance the information currently available on Wikipedia. Results: We derived 1150 unique interactions from the ONC high priority list. Integration of the potential DDI data from Wikidata into Wikipedia articles proved to be straightforward and yielded useful results. We found that even though the majority of current English Wikipedia articles about pharmaceuticals contained sections detailing contraindications, only a small fraction of articles explicitly mentioned interaction partners from the ONC high priority list. For 91.30% (1050/1150) of the interaction pairs we tested, none of the 2 articles corresponding to the interacting substances explicitly mentioned the interaction partner. For 7.21% (83/1150) of the pairs, only 1 of the 2 associated Wikipedia articles mentioned the interaction partner; for only 1.48% (17/1150) of the pairs, both articles contained explicit mentions of the interaction partner. Conclusions: Our prototype demonstrated that automated updating of medical content in Wikipedia through Wikidata is a viable option, albeit further refinements and community-wide consensus building are required before integration into public Wikipedia is possible. A long-term endeavor to improve the medical information in Wikipedia through structured data representation and automated workflows might lead to a significant improvement of the quality of medical information in one of the world?s most popular Web resources. UR - http://www.jmir.org/2015/5/e110/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4163 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25944105 ID - info:doi/10.2196/jmir.4163 ER -