TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duguay, Véronique
AU  - Comeau, Dominique
AU  - Turgeon, Tiffany
AU  - Bouhamdani, Nadia
AU  - Belanger, Mathieu
AU  - Weston, Lyle
AU  - Johnson, Tammy
AU  - Manzer, Nicole
AU  - Giberson, Melissa
AU  - Chamard-Witkowski, Ludivine
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/2/25
TI  - Evaluating the Knowledge and Information-Seeking Behaviors of People Living With Multiple Sclerosis: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
JO  - J Med Internet Res
SP  - e63763
VL  - 27
KW  - multiple sclerosis
KW  - chronic illness
KW  - misinformation
KW  - web-based searches
KW  - education
KW  - health information
KW  - social media
KW  - health literacy
KW  - patient-doctor relationship
KW  - health-related information
KW  - information-seeking behavior
AB  - Background: The internet has emerged as a primary source of health-related information for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, given the abundance of misinformation found on the web, this behavior may pose a significant threat to internet users. Objective: This study aims to explore the knowledge and information-seeking behavior of people living with MS followed at a specialized MS clinic where education is a cornerstone of care. Methods: This cross-sectional survey–based study comprised 20 true or false statements, covering both scientific facts and popular misinformation about MS treatments. A “scientific fact score” and a “misinformation score” were calculated by attributing a scoring system to each point in the survey: +1 point was attributed to correct answers, –1 point was attributed to incorrect answers, and 0 point was attributed to “I don’t know.” Furthermore, the survey inquired about participants’ health-seeking behaviors. Results: The mean age of the 69 participants was 48.4 (SD 10.9) years, 78% (54/69) were female, 81% (56/69) were highly educated, 90% (62/69) were receiving a disease-modifying therapy, and 52% (30/58) had experimented with alternative therapies. The mean score for answering the scientific and misinformation questions correctly was 69% (SD 2.4%) and 22% (SD 4.5%), respectively (P<.001). Notably, when questioned about misinformation, answering correctly dropped significantly (P<.001), while indecision (P<.001) and answering incorrectly (P=.02) increased. Sociodemographic factors and medical questions were not significantly associated with scientific and misinformation scores (all P>.05); however, misinformation scores did significantly correlate with levels of education (P=.04). The main sources of health-related information were from expert-led MS websites (48/58, 82%) and health care professionals (34/58, 59%). Low-reliability sources were less used; however, word of mouth seemed to be prevalent (14/58, 24%), followed by Facebook (10/58, 17%). On average, people with MS reported having consulted 3 high- to moderate-quality sources and only 1 low-quality source. Conclusions: Education at the clinic and consulting primarily moderate- to high-quality sources did not safeguard against misinformation, indicating a need for more misinformation-geared education at the clinic. Notably, there is a need to proactively educate patients about misinformation commonly found on the web, and more importantly, create space for them to discuss the information without prejudice. As novel educational methods may be relatively more time-consuming, implementing change may be challenging. Furthermore, age, sex, education level, and health literacy might not safeguard against misinformation. Herein, we were unable to identify correlations associated with scores obtained on the questionnaire other than educational level. Although the educational level did seem to impact the misinformation score, this did not stop participants from experimenting with alternative therapies. Although studies are exploring novel ways to effectively deal with health misinformation on the web, more research is needed to fully understand this highly complex social phenomenon. 
SN  - 1438-8871
UR  - https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e63763
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/63763
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39998866
DO  - 10.2196/63763
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/63763
ER  -