TY  - JOUR
AU  - Albrecht, Urs-Vito
AU  - von Jan, Ute
AU  - Sedlacek, Ludwig
AU  - Groos, Stephanie
AU  - Suerbaum, Sebastian
AU  - Vonberg, Ralf-Peter
PY  - 2013
DA  - 2013/08/14
TI  - Standardized, App-Based Disinfection of iPads in a Clinical and Nonclinical Setting: Comparative Analysis
JO  - J Med Internet Res
SP  - e176
VL  - 15
IS  - 8
KW  - tablet PC
KW  - hygiene
KW  - disinfection
KW  - nosocomial transmission
AB  - Background: With the use of highly mobile tools like tablet PCs in clinical settings, an effective disinfection method is a necessity. Since manufacturers do not allow cleaning methods that make use of anything but a dry fleece, other approaches have to be established to ensure patient safety and to minimize risks posed by microbiological contamination. Objective: The ability of isopropanol wipes to decontaminate iPads was evaluated prospectively in a observer blinded, comparative analysis of devices used in a clinical and a nonclinical setting. Methods: 10 new iPads were randomly deployed to members of the nursing staff of 10 clinical wards, to be used in a clinical setting over a period of 4 weeks. A pre-installed interactive disinfection application (deBac-app, PLRI MedAppLab, Germany) was used on a daily basis. Thereafter, the number and species of remaining microorganisms on the surface of the devices (13 locations; front and back) was evaluated using contact agar plates. Following this, the 10 iPads were disinfected and randomly deployed to medical informatics professionals who also used the devices for 4 weeks but were forbidden to use disinfecting agents. The quality of a single, standardized disinfection process was then determined by a final surface disinfection process of all devices in the infection control laboratory. No personal data were logged with the devices. The evaluation was performed observer blinded with respect to the clinical setting they were deployed in and personnel that used the devices. Results: We discovered a 2.7-fold (Mann-Whitney U test, z=-3.402, P=.000670) lower bacterial load on the devices used in the clinical environment that underwent a standardized daily disinfection routine with isopropanol wipes following the instructions provided by “deBac-app”. Under controlled conditions, an average reduction of the mainly Gram-positive normal skin microbiological load of 99.4% (Mann-Whitney U test, z=-3.1798, P=.001474) for the nonclinical group and 98.1% (Mann-Whitney U test, z=3.1808, P=.001469) for the clinical group was achieved using one complete disinfecting cycle. Conclusions: Normal use of tablet PCs leads to a remarkable amount of microbial surface contamination. Standardized surface disinfection with isopropanol wipes as guided by the application significantly reduces this microbial load. When performed regularly, the disinfection process helps with maintaining a low germ count during use. This should reduce the risk of subsequent nosocomial pathogen transmission. Unfortunately, applying a disinfection procedure such as the one we propose may lead to losing the manufacturer’s warranty for the devices; this remains an unsolved issue. 
SN  - 14388871
UR  - http://www.jmir.org/2013/8/e176/
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2643
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945468
DO  - 10.2196/jmir.2643
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/jmir.2643
ER  -