@Article{info:doi/10.2196/45362,
author="Karpov, Boris
and Lipsanen, Jari Olavi
and Ritola, Ville
and Rosenstr{\"o}m, Tom
and Saarni, Suoma
and Pihlaja, Satu
and Stenberg, Jan-Henry
and Laizane, Paula
and Joffe, Grigori",
title="The Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale as an Outcome Measure in Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: Observational Study",
journal="J Med Internet Res",
year="2023",
month="Aug",
day="17",
volume="25",
pages="e45362",
keywords="Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale; OASIS; internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy; iCBT; anxiety; social anxiety disorder; panic disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder; OCD",
abstract="Background: Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders. iCBT clinical trials use relatively long and time-consuming disorder-specific rather than transdiagnostic anxiety measurements. Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) is a brief self-report scale that could offer a universal, easy-to-use anxiety measurement option in disorder-specific and transdiagnostic iCBT programs. Objective: We aimed to investigate relationships between OASIS and disorder-specific instruments in iCBT. We expected these relationships to be positive. Methods: We investigated patients in original nationwide iCBT programs for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder, which were administered by Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. In each program, anxiety symptoms were measured using both disorder-specific scales (the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, revised Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Panic Disorder Severity Scale, and Social Phobia Inventory) and by OASIS. A general linear model for repeated measures (mixed models) and interaction analysis were used for investigating the changes and relationships in the mean scores of OASIS and disorder-specific scales from the first session to the last one. Results: The main effect of linear mixed models indicated a distinct positive association between OASIS and disorder-specific scale scores. Interaction analysis demonstrated relatively stable associations between OASIS and the revised Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (F822.9=0.09; 95{\%} CI 0.090-0.277; P=.32), and OASIS and the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (F596.6=--0.02; 95{\%} CI --0.108 to --0.065; P=.63) from first the session to the last one, while the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (F4345.8=--0.06; 95{\%} CI --0.109 to --0.017; P=.007), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (F4270.8=--0.52; 95{\%} CI --0.620 to --0.437; P<.001), and Social Phobia Inventory (F862.1=--0.39; 95{\%} CI --0.596 to --0.187; P<.001) interrelated with OASIS more strongly at the last session than at the first one. Conclusions: OASIS demonstrates clear and relatively stable associations with disorder-specific symptom measures. Thus, OASIS might serve as an outcome measurement instrument for disorder-specific and plausibly transdiagnostic iCBT programs for anxiety disorders in regular clinical practice. ",
issn="1438-8871",
doi="10.2196/45362",
url="https://www.jmir.org/2023/1/e45362",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/45362",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37590055"
}