@Article{info:doi/10.2196/42359,
author="Helmer, Philipp
and Hottenrott, Sebastian
and Rodemers, Philipp
and Leppich, Robert
and Helwich, Maja
and Pryss, R{\"u}diger
and Kranke, Peter
and Meybohm, Patrick
and Winkler, Bernd E
and Sammeth, Michael",
title="Accuracy and Systematic Biases of Heart Rate Measurements by Consumer-Grade Fitness Trackers in Postoperative Patients: Prospective Clinical Trial",
journal="J Med Internet Res",
year="2022",
month="Dec",
day="30",
volume="24",
number="12",
pages="e42359",
keywords="health tracker; smartwatch; internet of things; personalized medicine; photoplethysmography; wearable; Garmin Fenix 6 Pro; Apple Watch 7; Fitbit Sense; Withings ScanWatch",
abstract="Background: Over the recent years, technological advances of wrist-worn fitness trackers heralded a new era in the continuous monitoring of vital signs. So far, these devices have primarily been used for sports. Objective: However, for using these technologies in health care, further validations of the measurement accuracy in hospitalized patients are essential but lacking to date. Methods: We conducted a prospective validation study with 201 patients after moderate to major surgery in a controlled setting to benchmark the accuracy of heart rate measurements in 4 consumer-grade fitness trackers (Apple Watch 7, Garmin Fenix 6 Pro, Withings ScanWatch, and Fitbit Sense) against the clinical gold standard (electrocardiography). Results: All devices exhibited high correlation (r≥0.95; P<.001) and concordance (rc≥0.94) coefficients, with a relative error as low as mean absolute percentage error <5{\%} based on 1630 valid measurements. We identified confounders significantly biasing the measurement accuracy, although not at clinically relevant levels (mean absolute error<5 beats per minute). Conclusions: Consumer-grade fitness trackers appear promising in hospitalized patients for monitoring heart rate. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05418881; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05418881 ",
issn="1438-8871",
doi="10.2196/42359",
url="https://www.jmir.org/2022/12/e42359",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/42359",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36583938"
}