@Article{info:doi/10.2196/28648,
author="Pollack, Catherine C
and Gilbert-Diamond, Diane
and Alford-Teaster, Jennifer A
and Onega, Tracy",
title="Language and Sentiment Regarding Telemedicine and COVID-19 on Twitter: Longitudinal Infodemiology Study",
journal="J Med Internet Res",
year="2021",
month="Jun",
day="21",
volume="23",
number="6",
pages="e28648",
keywords="telemedicine; telehealth; COVID-19 pandemic; social media; sentiment analysis; Twitter; COVID-19; pandemic",
abstract="Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a rapid shift in how individuals interact with and receive fundamental services, including health care. Although telemedicine is not a novel technology, previous studies have offered mixed opinions surrounding its utilization. However, there exists a dearth of research on how these opinions have evolved over the course of the current pandemic. Objective: This study aims to evaluate how the language and sentiment surrounding telemedicine has evolved throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Tweets published between January 1, 2020, and April 24, 2021, containing at least one telemedicine-related and one COVID-19--related search term (``telemedicine-COVID'') were collected from the Twitter full archive search (N=351,718). A comparator sample containing only COVID-19 terms (``general-COVID'') was collected and sampled based on the daily distribution of telemedicine-COVID tweets. In addition to analyses of retweets and favorites, sentiment analysis was performed on both data sets in aggregate and within a subset of tweets receiving the top 100 most and least retweets. Results: Telemedicine gained prominence during the early stages of the pandemic (ie, March through May 2020) before leveling off and reaching a steady state from June 2020 onward. Telemedicine-COVID tweets had a 21{\%} lower average number of retweets than general-COVID tweets (incidence rate ratio 0.79, 95{\%} CI 0.63-0.99; P=.04), but there was no difference in favorites. A majority of telemedicine-COVID tweets (180,295/351,718, 51.3{\%}) were characterized as ``positive,'' compared to only 38.5{\%} (135,434/351,401) of general-COVID tweets (P<.001). This trend was also true on a monthly level from March 2020 through April 2021. The most retweeted posts in both telemedicine-COVID and general-COVID data sets were authored by journalists and politicians. Whereas the majority of the most retweeted posts within the telemedicine-COVID data set were positive (55/101, 54.5{\%}), a plurality of the most retweeted posts within the general-COVID data set were negative (44/89, 49.4{\%}; P=.01). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, opinions surrounding telemedicine evolved to become more positive, especially when compared to the larger pool of COVID-19--related tweets. Decision makers should capitalize on these shifting public opinions to invest in telemedicine infrastructure and ensure its accessibility and success in a postpandemic world. ",
issn="1438-8871",
doi="10.2196/28648",
url="https://www.jmir.org/2021/6/e28648",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/28648",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34086591"
}