@Article{info:doi/10.2196/21366,
author="Evanoff, Bradley A
and Strickland, Jaime R
and Dale, Ann Marie
and Hayibor, Lisa
and Page, Emily
and Duncan, Jennifer G
and Kannampallil, Thomas
and Gray, Diana L",
title="Work-Related and Personal Factors Associated With Mental Well-Being During the COVID-19 Response: Survey of Health Care and Other Workers",
journal="J Med Internet Res",
year="2020",
month="Aug",
day="25",
volume="22",
number="8",
pages="e21366",
keywords="COVID-19; coronavirus; pandemic; mental health; health care workers; remote work; worker well-being; occupational health",
abstract="Background: The response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has created an unprecedented disruption in work conditions. This study describes the mental health and well-being of workers both with and without clinical exposure to patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, work exhaustion, burnout, and decreased well-being among faculty and staff at a university and academic medical center during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and describe work-related and personal factors associated with their mental health and well-being. Methods: All faculty, staff, and postdoctoral fellows of a university, including its medical school, were invited in April 2020 to complete an online questionnaire measuring stress, anxiety, depression, work exhaustion, burnout, and decreased well-being. We examined associations between these outcomes and factors including work in high-risk clinical settings and family/home stressors. Results: There were 5550 respondents (overall response rate of 34.3{\%}). Overall, 34{\%} of faculty and 14{\%} of staff (n=915) were providing clinical care, while 61{\%} of faculty and 77{\%} of staff were working from home. Among all workers, anxiety (prevalence ratio 1.37, 95{\%} CI 1.09-1.73), depression (prevalence ratio 1.28, 95{\%} CI 1.03-1.59), and high work exhaustion (prevalence ratio 1.24, 95{\%} CI 1.13-1.36) were independently associated with community or clinical exposure to COVID-19. Poor family-supportive behaviors by supervisors were also associated with these outcomes (prevalence ratio 1.40, 95{\%} CI 1.21-1.62; prevalence ratio 1.69, 95{\%} CI 1.48-1.92; and prevalence ratio 1.54, 95{\%} CI 1.44-1.64, respectively). Age <40 years and a greater number of family/home stressors were also associated with these poorer outcomes. Among the subset of clinicians, caring for patients with COVID-19 and working in high-risk clinical settings were additional risk factors. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the pandemic has had negative effects on the mental health and well-being of both clinical and nonclinical employees. Mitigating exposure to COVID-19 and increasing supervisor support are modifiable risk factors that may protect mental health and well-being for all workers. ",
issn="1438-8871",
doi="10.2196/21366",
url="http://www.jmir.org/2020/8/e21366/",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/21366",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32763891"
}